Genetic Disorder Research Chapter 7 and 8 Date Assignment/notes/ outline/worksheet Points/ Stamp Page # 1/26 Notes 7.1/ Vocab. * 1 1/27 WS Vocab Practice ** 2 1/28 100 Greatest Discoveries Genetics 10 3 1/31 Huntington Disease 4 Study Guide 7.1 5 2/1 Power Notes 6 Study Guide 7.2 7 2/2 WS Rabbit Coat Color 8 Quiz Ch 7.1 and 7.2 9 2/3 Genetic Disorder Research 2/8 Power Notes 8.2 11 Study Guide 8.2 12 2/9 Power Notes 8.3 Replication 13 Study Guide 8.3 14 2/10 Power Notes 8.4 Transcription 15

Section 8-4 “Transcription”

KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule

KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule

Direction of Translation RNA Polymerase RNA Nucleotides Direction of Translation

RNA carries DNA’s instructions The central dogma is the basic concept proposed by Francis Crick (one of the scientists that discovered DNA) It states that: information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins

Molecular Biology Central Dogma

RNA is a link between DNA and proteins The central dogma (idea) includes three processes: Replication Transcription Translation replication transcription translation RNA is a link between DNA and proteins

RNA differs from DNA in 3 ways: RNA has a ribose sugar RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) RNA is a single-stranded structure

has uracil (U) instead of thymine is a single-stranded structure Power Notes (interprets) (converts) 2. RNA translation 5. Protein transcription (copies) has a ribose sugar has uracil (U) instead of thymine is a single-stranded structure has a deoxyribose sugar has A, C, G, T is a double-stranded structure

Transcription makes three types of RNA Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJSmZ3DsntU&feature=related

Transcription is catalyzed (is started) by RNA polymerase RNA polymerase and other proteins form a transcription complex The transcription complex recognizes the start of a gene and unwinds a segment of it start site nucleotides transcription complex

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed DNA RNA polymerase moves along the DNA

The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed

7. RNA polymerase 5. Nucleotide 4. DNA molecule 6. Newly synthesized RNA strand 5. Nucleotide 4. DNA molecule

1. RNA polymerase and other proteins recognizes the start of a gene and begins to unwind the segment of DNA. 2. RNA polymerase reads one side of the DNA template and strings complementary strand of RNA nucleotides. The growing RNA strand hangs freely as it is transcribed. Then the DNA strand closes back together. 3. The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed

Possible Videos to show on youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PKjF7OumYo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtYz_3rkvPk&feature=related https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA

The transcription process is similar to replication Transcription and replication both involve complex enzymes and complementary base pairing The two processes have different end results Replication copies all the DNA Transcription copies one gene Replication makes one copy Transcription can make many copies

Transcription makes 3 types of RNA: 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/ one gene growing RNA strands DNA one gene http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/