College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Evaluation of the Competitiveness of Vet School: SNU case study Yong Ho Park Dean and Professor College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University ✉ yhp@snu.ac.kr 1 1

Table of Contents Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 1. Methodology 2. Importance and Characteristics 3. Accreditation Standards 4. Analysis of AVMA Standards Part II. Other Associations 1. World Veterinary Association (WVA) 2. American Animal Hospital Associations (AAHA) 3. European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education (EAEVE) 4. The Asian Association of Veterinary Schools (AAVS) Part III. Special Topics 1. Internationalization 2. Income Generation Part IV. Conclusion 2 2

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 1. Methodology 2. Importance & Characteristics 3. Accreditation Standards 4. Analysis of AVMA Standards

Benchmarking Universities Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 1. Methodology Benchmarking Universities Methodology - SEDS Ranking SNU Cornell Univ. (USA) London Univ. (UK) Utrecht Univ. (Netherlands) Massy Univ. (New Zealand) The TIMES1) 63 15 25 95 Out of ranking News Week2) Out of top 100 19 52 Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.3) 160 12 26 40 197 S Status Analysis of AVMA/BK21 standards Evaluation Evaluation by using SWOT analysis model E 1) The World’s Top 200 Universities (The Times, 2006) 2) The Top 100 Global Universities (Newsweek 2006) 3) The Top 500 World Universities (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2006) S Direction Benchmarking and Beyond Specific strategies Strategy Eliminate Reduce Raise Create ELIMINATE short mid long REDUCE RAISE CREATE TERM S 4 4

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 2. Importance & Characteristics AVMA is authorized by the U.S. Department of Education as the accrediting body for the 28 schools of veterinary medicine in the United States. The AVMA educational standards of excellence are recognized worldwide as the "gold standard" in veterinary education. It will be very meaningful for SNU veterinary school to get the official accreditation from AVMA. Importance of AVMA Relative but not absolute evaluation Consider creative aspects which are not included in AVMA standards Consider continuing improvement, as well as current status Although SNU vet school falls behind the US vet school in the absolute standards, it is possible to get the AVMA accreditation if they explain the special status and establish effective strategies. AVMA Standard Characteristics

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 3. Accreditation Standards 1. Institutional Accreditation 2. Finances 3. Organization & Communication 4. Physical Facilities and Equipment 5. Resources for Clinical Instruction 6. Library and Informational Resources 7. Admission 8. Students 9. Faculty and Staff 10. Curriculum 11. Outcomes Assessment 6 6

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.1. Institutional Accreditation Standards Status Evaluation 1. Institutional Accreditation A part of Seoul National University 4.2. Finances Standards Status Evaluation 2a. University (SNU) annual budget Insufficient compared with other foreign universities 2b. Vet school annual budget 8.1% level of Cornell Veterinary Medicine School’s budget 2c. The appropriateness of budget Although it is absolutely insufficient, it can relatively meet the standard, if we consider special characteristics such as (1) differences in per capita income, (2) the uncounted income, and so on. 2d. The improvement needed Weak in income sources and income generation strategy  2e. The reserve fund of college The annual reserve fund of 400~500 million won 2f. Scholarship and supporting fund 37.3% of current undergraduate students and most of the graduate (master & doctor program) students receive full or partial scholarship ◎ Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 7 7

4.2. Finances 4.2.1. Specific Strategies Term-Priority Matrix TERM short mid long Term-Priority Matrix ELIMINATE F High C A E REDUCE A C Unnecessary expenses Non-professional commitment Priority B D RAISE D F Reasonable increase of tuition Government support fund B E CREATE Strategies for fund raising (see part IV) New plan for commercialization of research output Low Short Long Term 8 8

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.3. Organization and Communication Standards Status Evaluation 3a. The program must develop and follow its mission statement The school has a clear mission statement: improving the human and animal welfare. 3b~3g. The structure of organization and communication line The main decision is made by the ‘Ministry of Education & Human Resources. 3h. Possibility of members’ participation from budget to curriculum The budget and revenue allocated to college are assigned after sufficient communication among professors and staff. As for the curriculum, the roles of professors are very important. Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 9

4.3. Organization and Communication 4.3.1. Specific Strategies TERM short mid long Term-Priority Matrix ELIMINATE High B D A D REDUCE Ineffective work procedure of administration Unnecessary rules and regulations C E Priority A C E Program to enhance the tie between faculty members and students (e.g., BBQ party & Softball game) RAISE Effectiveness of meetings B CREATE Communication channel between director and students (e.g., “Meet with the Dean” in U.S. universities Low Short Long Term 10 10

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.4. Physical Facilities and Equipment Standards Status Evaluation 4a. Adequate in number, appropriate in maintenance of required facilities for educational goals. The school owns most of the equipments required in veterinary education, and it has been the best among the universities in Korea. 4b.Contemporary and standard type of facilities and equipment It does not go well in the aspect of equipment sharing among laboratories. 4c. Sufficient office space for the instructional and administrative personnel Space is sufficient for professors and staff for their work. 4d. Maintenance of laboratory animal Laboratory animals are well maintained. 4e. Safety of students, program personnel, and animals Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources of Seoul National University manages and supervises the laboratory security. 4f. Maintenance and regulation of drugs, biologics, reagents, and other materials The source of supply is stable 4g. Waste management The waste is separately collected in the school, and secondarily removed by the maintenance company on the regularly scheduled dates. 4h. Sufficient storage for program needs There are separated storages for each laboratory and study room. Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 11

4.4. Physical Facilities and Equipment 4.4.1. Specific Strategies TERM short mid long Term-Priority Matrix ELIMINATE A High C D E B REDUCE Separated storage for each laboratory Priority B RAISE A C Sharing equipments among laboratories Further classification for waste categorization D E CREATE Commonly sharing storage Expansion of facilities and equipments (e.g., research center for biomedical engineering) Low Short Long Term 12 12

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.5. Resources for Clinical Instruction Standards Status Evaluation 5a. Laboratory animals required in clinical instruction The school keeps most of the AVMA required animals, but not the recommended animals.  5b. Guidelines for the care and use of animals The standards are met by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources of Seoul National University. 5c. The use of models and other alternate methods of teaching Alternate methods are used without distorting original veterinary education objective. 5d. Records and logs for animals used The records and logs of using laboratory animals are drawn up and kept according to the standard made by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources of Seoul National University. 5e. Off-campus providers of instructional support The off-campus clinical education facilities used at present are Korean Horse Racing Association, National Veterinary Research Quarantine Service Center, animal farm of SNU Suwon Campus, and affiliated farms. Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 13

4.5. Resources for Clinical Instruction 4.5.1. Specific Strategies TERM short mid long Term-Priority Matrix ELIMINATE High B A REDUCE Priority C A B RAISE Expanding the types and quantity of laboratory animals Expanding the off-campus clinical education facilities (E.g., expanding the affiliated farms, enhancing the relationship between professors and off-campus farms) Low CREATE C Expanding the alternate methods of experiments on animals Short Long Term 14 14

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.6. Library and Informational Resources Standards Status Evaluation 6a. Timely access to current information resources and qualified librarian or resource specialist The school possesses the vet school library besides SNU library and medical library. The search and browse are available on line for both foreign and domestic journals in all of the above libraries. ◎ 6b. Method of library use and development of information retrieval skills Periodic education is provided for an updated use of library database. Students can access to the e-Resource which continuously updates the recent trend. Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 15

4.6. Library and Informational Resources 4.6.1. Specific Strategies TERM short mid long Term-Priority Matrix ELIMINATE High B C REDUCE Priority A RAISE A B C CREATE Sharing the book reviews through Internet Sharing the archive materials and database with other institutes (e.g., Inter-library Loan) Revenue generation through professional search by the librarians Low Short Long Term 16 16

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.7. Admission Standards Status Evaluation 7a. The institution and program admission policies The school follows the well defined and documented admission policy according to the standard of higher education law of Korea. 7b. Qualifications of applicants Qualification of candidates for admission is judged by university admission department. Specifically the applicants are evaluated through university qualification exam, university math exam, interview, and essay- writing. 7c. Selective admissions and non-selective admissions Students are chosen through selective admission procedure. 7d. Catalogs or other official publications for admission Related publications are not sufficient.  7e. The institution responsible for student recruitment practices The university takes responsibilities for the whole procedure from recruitment to selection. Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 17

4.7. Admission 4.7.1. Specific Strategies Term-Priority Matrix TERM short mid long Term-Priority Matrix ELIMINATE High A C REDUCE Priority B RAISE A Advertising for admission (e.g., publishing brochure) CREATE B C Publishing periodical news letter (e.g., on-line/off-line, Korean/English) Public relation programs for high school students (e.g., campus visit) Low Short Long Term 18 18

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.8. Students Standards Status Evaluation 8a. The number of students The vet school has been cutting down the number of new students for the past ten years to maintain the optimum number of students. The current recruitment number is 40, while the facilities can allow 60 students. 8b. Student support service, interactions between students and faculty members/staff The university provides various student support service, such as the job seeking service, consulting service for student, international communication service and so on. But the participation rate for course evaluation is very low.  8c. Teamwork, ethical and professional behavior Teamwork, ethnical and professional behavior educations are provided through team teaching, team projects, and invited lecturers. 8d. Student organization The student organization performs friendship activities and some volunteer social services. Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 19

4.8. Students 4.8.1. Specific Strategies Term-Priority Matrix TERM short mid long Term-Priority Matrix ELIMINATE High D C A B REDUCE Priority E A C D RAISE Participation in course evaluation Team-teaching, and team project courses Specially-appointed endowed professors B E CREATE Including visiting professors, adjunct professors, and full-time lecturers in the faculty members Expanding the scope of student council activities both regionally and nationally Low Short Long Term 20 20

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.9. Faculty and Staff Standards Status Evaluation 9a. The number of faculty and staff Research assistants and public service personnel complement the lack of administration office workers, but the number of professors is insufficient.  9b. Qualification and responsibility of instructors and staff Qualified instructors and staff are employed only when they meet the high standards. 9c – 9d. The qualification and responsibility of director The Dean is a vet school professor and in charge of the whole administration affairs. 9e. Full-time licensed veterinarian and veterinary (1) All the courses are provided by qualified veterinarians and professors with Ph.D. degree (2) Although veterinary technicians are insufficient compared with those of foreign universities, they are supplemented by graduated students. 9f. Compensation, incentives, and employment security Professors are tenured and categorized as high income group in Korea. 9g. Faculty assisting program Professors are supported through teaching and research development program of SNU. 9h. Sufficient facility and qualified faculty for off-campus clinical The school possesses the off-campus facilities, but does not have special personnel to take responsibility in the off-campus clinical education. Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 21 21

4.9. Faculty and Staff 4.9.1. Specific Strategies Term-Priority Matrix short mid long Term-Priority Matrix ELIMINATE A High C REDUCE Priority B D RAISE B C Director’s tenure The number of professors CREATE A D Enhancing Dean’s power of allocating compensations Veterinary technician system Low Short Long Term 22 22

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.10. Curriculum Standards Status Evaluation 10a. The curriculum shall provide a foundation in veterinary technology that will inspire the student to continue life-long learning The curriculum includes all the courses of basic, laboratory, and clinical knowledge. 10b. The specific courses shall teach basic medical science, communication, critical thinking, decision- making, and clinical application skills The specific courses teach basic medical science, communication, clinical application skills, but not critical thinking and decision making.  10c. The curriculum must include general education and specific veterinary technology course content, and course objectives must be clearly communicated to the student General education courses and major courses are separated, but the contents are not well informed for the students. 10d. A practical veterinary experience is a required portion of the curriculum The field practice is the required course for SNU vet school students. 10e - f. The program must provide documentation of standard criteria for evaluating completion of all essential skills and the documentation that students have completed all essential skills There are well-documented criteria for student evaluation. The school also maintains the high pass rate of national veterinary qualification examination. 10g. The program includes certain areas within the curriculum to capitalize on regional variation, institutional strengths, and available job market. There is no particular curriculum to capitalize on regional and university variation. 10h. The academic institutions accept credits from other colleges, universities, or recognized educational entities. The school does not accept credits from other institutions. 10i. Students are required to demonstrate the competency of the courses, if credit is to be given for high school courses, High school credits are not accepted. Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 23 23

4.10. Curriculum 4.10.1. Specific Strategies Term-Priority Matrix TERM short mid long B D High C ELIMINATE Priority A REDUCE A The number of courses E D B RAISE Formal courses of critical thinking and decision making Publishing the course syllabus for the prospective students Low C E CREATE Specific schedules for clinical practices Transfer credits between schools and institutions Short Long Term 24 24

Part I. Analysis of AVMA Standards 4.11. Outcomes Assessment Standards Status Evaluation 11a. Assessment of student outcome No assessment by the students  11b. Assessment of institutional outcome No assessment by the administrators 11c. Assessment of clinical competencies outcome No assessment by the employers of the graduates Conform & better than other schools Conform Conform but improvement is needed, compared with other schools Not conform, but keep continuing improvement Not conform, but possible to be accredited considering school characteristics  Not conform ◎ 25 25

Conclusion of Evaluation Needs number of international Faculty/Staff and students Develop better Curriculum fit for international standard, however, it should be specific and unique at the region Prepare good rationale for the accreditation

Part II. Other Associations 1. World Veterinary Association (WVA) 2. American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) 3. European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education (EAEVE) 4. The Asian Association of Veterinary Schools (AAVS)

Part II. Other Associations 1. World Veterinary Association (WVA) Difference between WVA & AVMA WVA Accreditation Standards WVA: Minimum requirements for veterinary education AVMA: The highest standard of achievement for veterinary medical education in the United States. A veterinary education institution must be of university level. The veterinary curriculum must be under the immediate and sole direction of a veterinarian. The duration of the veterinary curriculum must of at least four years. A minimum of eight months of instruction is required in each year. The veterinary curriculum must cover subjects in relation to the various animal species and animal production systems. Appropriate library and audio-visual facilities as well as sufficient clinical, laboratory and practical training must be provided. Students must be properly supervised and evaluated throughout the course of their studies. The research activities must contribute to the acquisition of knowledge, both at the applied and fundamental levels. The continuing education must be able to assist practicing veterinarians to cope with rapidly changing professional demands. Objectives To set up a world-wide accreditation system to establish accreditation on a regional basis. To identify basic requirements for setting up a veterinary school to obtain WVA approval. To identify areas in which veterinary involvement could be introduced or improved. To explore possibilities of distance learning and to make recommendations for post-graduate education and professional development. To suggest to the WVA ways and means by which these tasks could be implemented. Source: www.worldvet.org

Part II. Other Associations 2. American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) Characteristics of AAHA AAHA Accreditation Standards AAHA is the only organization that accredits animal hospitals throughout the U.S. and Canada. AAHA is well known among veterinarians and pet owners for its standards for hospitals and pet health care. Anesthesia (9) Client Service Contagious Disease (1) Continuing Education Dentistry (2) Diagnostic Imaging (5) Emergency/Urgent Care (1) Human Resource Housekeeping & Maintenance (1) Examination Facilities Laboratory (2) Leadership Medical Record Pain Management (2) Patient Care (6) Pharmacy (3) Safety Standards Surgery (11) Characteristics of AAHA Accreditation System There are more than 900 standards in the 18 areas. Hospitals do not have to meet every single standard provided. They can pick and choose the standards they are already meeting and improve your practice in other areas if necessary. There are only 46 mandatory core standards. Activities The Association develops the following activities to help companion animal practices thrive. - Benchmarks - Business practice standards - Informative publications - Educational programs Note: The areas in bold are those which have mandatory core standards. And the figure in parenthesis are number of mandatory standards Source: www.aahanet.org

3. European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education (EAEVE) About the EAEVE Established in 1988. 38 vet schools have been accredited (’07.7) Advisory Committee on Veterinary Training (ACVT, EC Directive 1978/1028/EEC) Proposed Veterinary specialization Established European Board of Veterinary Specialist (07. 11) Consists of 35 Vet Med Associations and 4 Councils (UEVP, UEVH, EASVO, EVERI)

4. The Asian Association of Veterinary Schools (AAVS) About the AAVS The scope and variety of activities need to be improved to cope with the rapidly changing professional demands in Asia. Suggestions: - Develop accreditation system for Asian vet schools (by benchmarking AVMA) - Develop accreditation system for Asian animal hospitals (by benchmarking AAHA) - Organize joint symposium on Zoonosis, Food Safety and develop continuing education programs Year of 2001, Seoul, KOREA

Part III. Special Topics 1. Internationalization 2. Income Generation

Directions for Internationalization Part III. Special Topics 1. Internationalization Directions for Internationalization 현행: 연구중심 지향점: 연구 + 교육 Present: short-term & one-off events Future: long-term & continuing events 현행: 한국어 위주 지향점: 영어 비중 확대 Present: research focus Future: research + education Present: developed countries Future: developed + developing countries Present: classes in national language Future: increase of classes in English

Part III. Special Topics 2. Income Generation 8 types of income generation methods are proposed for SNU vet school Method suggestions Detailed methods Source 1 1.1 1.2 donation gift shop gift aid, donation (gifts of books and manuscripts, artwork, equipment, cash, securities and so on) 1.1 on-line shop (gifts for pets & pet owners, souvenir and so on) 1.2 Target 2 2.1 2.2 lectures, seminars, & continuing education consulting, co-research & technology transfer individual (animal owners/specialists) 2.1 institution (companies/ research institutes) 2.2 Tool 3 renting lecture hall, equipment, laboratory & library service 3.1 using existing school facilities 3.1 3.2 establishing new business department/company 3.2 Business Development Team to promote the industry collaboration) Strategy 4 4.1 publication business (journals and newsletter) 4.1 using existing advertising media New strategies (paws for a cause, walk of honor) new advertising media 4.2 4.2

Part IV. Conclusion

Part IV. Conclusion 1. AVMA/AAHA Accreditation System It is important to benchmark the AVMA and AAHA accreditation standards when we establish a similar association in Asia. 2. International Scope The scope of the association should go beyond individual national level to the Asian region. 3. Effective Cooperation Since there are similarities in history and culture, the Asian countries can effectively help with each other, in research, teaching, and setting standards for veterinarian medicine in the Asian region.

Develop the Joint Communiqué of the 8th AAVS DEAN’S MEETING 2008

Joint Communiqué of the 8th AAVS MEETING 2008 1. The first Executive Committee Meeting presided over by the AAVS former president Hayashi Yoshihiro took place on 21 of February 2008 prior to the AAVS annual meeting on April 24-25 2008, with the AAVS vice-president PARK, Yong Ho and KIMURA Junpei and LEE, Yong Soon, for the discussion of the meeting agenda, the election of AAVS president, approval of new member school and examination of next hosting country of the AAVS 2009. 2. The 8th Asian Association of Veterinary Schools (AAVS) Dean’s meeting of the AAVS convened from 24 to 25 April 2008 at Seoul, Korea, the invitation to which was extended by the AAVS, was participated by 33 delegates from 11 member countries and US. The list of participating countries is found in the appendix 1 and 2 3. The 8th AAVS Dean’s meeting was focused on 1) standardization of Asian veterinary education 2) accreditation of Asian veterinary schools 3) collaboration and cooperation on prevention of zoonotic diseases in food-producing animals and companion animals 4. All participating delegates agreed with the necessity of development of AAVS standard and accreditation based on proposal of Prof Mohd Zamir Saad, Malaysia. For the further determination, delegates also agreed with Special Council under the AAVS organization. The Council will develop detail protocols for the above mentioned issues. 5. All participating delegates also agreed with the development of joint degree or dual degree program among the accredited Asian veterinary schools upon agreement.