Lacks membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles)

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Lacks membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles) Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function What is a prokaryotic cell? Lacks membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles) Eg: bacteria 11,000x

Has membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles) Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function What is a eukaryotic cell? Has membrane-bound structures (which are called organelles) Eg: fungi, animal cells, plant cells 11,000x

Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function The plasma membrane is vital to the cell. What is the actual membrane made up of? Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins How does it function? Allows nutrients into the cell Allows waste to leave the cell

Sometimes, there is a condition within the cell where there is continuous movement, but no overall change. The concentration remains the same. What is this condition called? Dynamic Equilibrium!

What is the concentration gradient? The amount of change in concentration across a membrane

Moves from high to low concentration Does not require ENERGY Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Passive Transport Movement of particles across the cell membrane WITH the concentration gradient Moves from high to low concentration Does not require ENERGY

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 3 Types of Passive Transport: 1. Diffusion Random movement in which PARTICLES move from high concentration to an area of lower concentration Initial Conditions Diffusion Low High High Low

Diffusion in a Cell Diffusion… Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Diffusion… Diffusion in a Cell

2. Facilitated Diffusion Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 2. Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion with the use of TRANSPORT PROTEINS

Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins Facilitated Diffusion… Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Facilitated Diffusion… Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 3. Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Three Types of Solutions Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function

Same concentration of water & solutes in/out of cell Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Types of Osmotic Solution: A. Isotonic Solution Same concentration of water & solutes in/out of cell Plant Cell Blood Cell 11,397x

Water diffuses out of cell; cell SHRINKS Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function B. Hypertonic Solution Concentration of solute outside of cell is higher than inside (therefore water is higher inside) Water diffuses out of cell; cell SHRINKS Plant Cell Blood Cell 13,000x

Water diffuses into the cell.; cell SWELLS Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function C. Hypotonic Solution Concentration of solute inside of cell is higher than outside (therefore water is higher outside) Water diffuses into the cell.; cell SWELLS Plant Cell Blood Cell 13,000x

Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Active Transport Movement of particles across the cell membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient Moves from low to high concentration Requires ENERGY Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 2 Types of Active Transport: Exocytosis Used to expel wastes and secrete substances (eg. Hormones) produced by the cell Endocytosis Process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment and encloses it in a portion of cell membrane