The Atomic Structure Chapter 1D

Warm Up November 28 What is smaller, an atom or a cell? Name and describe one element that you are familiar with on the periodic table. When large blooms of algae die, decomposers use all the oxygen in the water to break down the dead algae. What is this a result of?

Warm Up November 21 What subatomic particles make up an atom? Use textbook page 11 D What is the difference between an element, molecule, and a compound? Objectives: 8.P.1.1/1.2 -TSWU how elements are arranged on the periodic table. Essential Question: -How are elements arranged on the periodic table?

Objective 11/19/2013 TSW describe atomic structures and understand the size of an atom by completing the “Atomic Size” activity.

Atoms are the Smallest Form of Elements All matter (liquids, solids, and gasses) is made up of atoms. Atoms are the tiniest building blocks of all matter. Atoms of the element hydrogen account for 90% of the total mass of the universe. Element- consists of only one type of atom Each element has its own unique symbol H= hydrogen, S= sulfur, Au= gold, Pb= lead All elements are made up of different atoms.

The Structure of an Atom Although atoms are the tiniest building blocks of all matter they are made up of even smaller particles Atoms are composed of three types of particles Electrons, protons, and neutron Proton – a positively charged particle located in the atoms nucleus Neutron – A particle that has no electric charge located in an atom’s nucleus. Electron – A negatively charged particle located outside an atom’s nucleus .

Model of an Atom Nucleus – a combination of the protons and neutrons in the center of an atom.

Atomic Structure Atomic Number – the number of protons in an atom Atomic Mass Number – the number of protons + neutrons How much the atom weighs To find the number of neutron you just subtract the – the atomic mass number - atomic number

More about Atoms Atoms are small. So small you can fit millions of atoms in the period at the end of this sentence . Electrons are 2000 times smaller than protons and neutrons. The type of atom an element has is determined by the number of protons called the atomic number. Every gold atom (Au) has 79 protons. What is its atomic number ____? Hydrogen?

Atomic Mass Atomic Mass Number – the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Helium This element has 2 protons and 2 neutrons. What is the atomic mass number of Helium?

Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons. For example: All Hydrogen atoms have 1 proton. However, some hydrogen atoms have 0 neutrons, some have 1 neutrons, while others have 2 neutrons. There are isotopes of Hydrogen. Some elements have many isotopes while others have only a few.

Three Hydrogen Isotopes

Ion An atom or a group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge. An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains one or more electrons. When an atom is attracted to another atom because it has an unequal number of electrons and protons, the atom is called an ION.

Positive Ions vs. Negative Ions Positive Ions form when an atom loses 1 or more electrons. Atoms with more protons than electrons will have a positive charge H + Li + Na + K + Hydrogen, Lithium, Nickel, Potassium Negative Ions form when an atom loses 1 or more protons. Atoms with more electrons than protons will have a negative charge. F - Cl - Br - I – Fluoride, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

1 D Reflection Questions What is the most common element in the universe? In your body? What are the major parts of an atom? Which part of an atom has a negative charge? How is the atomic mass number different from the atomic number? What must happen to form an ion?

1 D Reflection Questions What is the most common element in the universe? In your body? What are the major parts of an atom? Which part of an atom has a negative charge? How is the atomic mass number different from the atomic number? What must happen to form an ion?

Warm Up November 5 Directions: (True or False) If the answer is true write the statement. If the answer is false, rewrite the statement to make it true. The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Isotopes are atoms of the same element, but with a different number of electrons. When an atom gives up an electron, it becomes an ion with a negative charge.

Objective TSW understand atomic structure and how elements are arranged on the periodic table. Groups Periods Atomic Mass Number Atomic Mass Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Warm Up November 9, 2010 What three elements are most abundant in the human body? How many neutrons are in an atom of gold (AU). Neutrons = Atomic Mass-Atomic Number

TSW understand the arrangement of the Periodic Table. Objective November 9 TSW understand the arrangement of the Periodic Table.

Objectives TSW understand the arrangement of the Periodic Table. Group, period, metal, nonmetal, metalloid, and reactive. TSW understand the structure of an element. Atomic mass, atomic number, symbol, name, electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Warm Up November 15 If an atom has an overall positive or negative charge it is known as an ___________. What is the difference between a group and a period on the periodic table? *provide 1 name for each.

3 Reflection Questions How are elements arranged from left to right on the periodic table? Which is the most abundant on the periodic table? Metals, Metalloids, or Nonmetals Name all the information you can obtain from a square on the Periodic Table.

1.1 and 1.2 Reflection How is the modern periodic table organized? What is the charged particle of an atom known as? What is the negatively charged particle of an atom known as? An atom with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons are known as a(n) _____________. Which groups on the periodic table are most reactive? These elements on the periodic table contain properties of both metals and nonmetals. When an atom gains or loses an electron it is known as a(n) ________________. How did Mendeleev organize the periodic table?

Each row of the periodic table is called a period Each row of the periodic table is called a period. They are put in order by their number of protons. Each column is known as a group. They are put into groups based on similar characteristics.