History of the Ancient and Medieval World The Roman Empire: Pax Romana Walsingham Academy Mrs. McArthur Room 111 Book Club Discussion Session Sign-Up Extended through 11/16

I got it-homework! Let’s do our homework! “The road to hell is paved with good Intentions.” (St. Bernard of Clairvaux) There are several interpretations of this proverb. For us is sufficient: Merely intending to do good, without actually doing anything, is of no value!

Roman Dominions: From Republic to Empire

First Century BC: Rome continues to expand abroad while the republic declines at home. A Plea for Reform (133 BC) According to Tiberius Gracchus, what group is being unfairly treated? What is unfair about their treatment? Safety Under Law (c. 44 BC) Why didn’t Caesar retaliate against Cicero for his criticisms? In what way does this view of Caesar differ from other impressions one might have? Why were some members of the Roman Senate alarmed at Julius Caesar’s success? What ultimately led to his assassination? Plebeians They fight in the wars that are expanding Rome’s territory and enriching the state but they are not allowed to own land. Caesar respected Cicero’s gift for understanding and respected his political ideals and values even though Cicero was critical of Caesar’s rule. On the one hand, we see Caesar as the ambitious, ruthless general seemingly willing to set aside the Republic’s laws by becoming dictator. On the other hand, we see a man who recognizes talent. He is also a man with a plan: reforms to address Rome’s problems Calendar based on that of Egyptians- used with minor changes today. Public works to employ jobless Reorganizing govt and offering citizenship to more people They feared it would mean the end of the republic and the beginning of a dictatorship. His enemies feared that he would make himself king. 4

What Happened to the Republic? Opportunities and challenges of growing empire overwhelmed the old political system. Power, influence and wealth could be won in the empire and used in Rome with no checks of the system. (Think generals) People got used to violence. A growing class of landless, rootless people emerged with no ties to the old traditions.

Section 2 Graphic Summary

Rome in the First Century A.D. (RIFC) Long-Range Assignment: Due 12/4 Follow the link to find out more about Rome in this period. Watch the short videos. This source provides valuable information for our Saturnalia activity. (You will need to have sound capability and Real Player installed on your computer. ) To situate yourself in time, follow the Timeline provided by this series. The Timeline is under Related Links (see below.) Alternative: Can’t Get Real Play? Go to this site and follow the Related Links in the right-hand frame; read the text provided.

Augustus Caesar Shrewd Politician, Brilliant Administrator Why was he careful not to declare himself dictator while acting as one? What event marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire? What political and economic reforms did he enact to create a lasting, stable government? What was the long-term effect of his reforms?

Assignment 1 Read pp 159-160 of text. Identify: census, Hadrian*, Pax Romana Answer questions on previous slide. Study Chart, pp 159 and answer comparison question. Watch 2 videos, The Peace of Rome and Disaster Strikes following link on slide 6, RIFC This Week: 2 Knowledge-based Participation Grades Friday, 11/20, 8:00 A.M. deadline for: Extra-Credit Opportunity: Visuals, Visuals, Visuals (Posted on SPA - This is a hard copy only activity) *Find the wall(s)

Assignment 2 Read text, pp. 161-163. Identify 3 bold blue terms Answer 1 Primary Source question, pp 162 and 2 Thinking Critically questions, pp. 163 Watch 2 videos, Urban Life and Entertainment Roman Style, following link RIFC Prepare for: Knowledge-based Participation Grades

2nd Century C.E. Century of 5 Good Emperors-Rome’s highpoint (of material, political, cultural prosperity) Citizenship extended, international roman elite created Romanization throughout empire Roman Boundaries reach limit Greco-Roman Cultural World – fundamental basis of western cultural established.

Assignment 3 Read text pp 164-165 Identify 3 bold blue terms Answer 2 Checkpoint questions Read biography, Cleopatra VII (photocopy) and answer 4 questions

How did advances in the arts, learning and the law show the Romans’ high regard for cultural and political achievements?

Assignment 4 Watch video, Rome Burns (following link RIFC) and then read primary source document, (photocopy) Nero Sings While Rome Burns. Answer questions following reading. Watch videos, Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger and Pompei (following link RIFC) (Read NotesView for context.) The lives and careers of Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger provide the historian with a remarkable glimpse into the world of Rome’s elite during the Pax Romana. Well-educated and privileged, these two men led public lives that are distinguished by the superb documentation they left posterity. From their writings we can see Rome’s cultural, scientific and literary achievements, all accomplished during within very difficult political climate. Pliny the Younger has left us with one of the best accounts of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD, which claimed the life of his uncle. That account was dismissed for centuries because it seemed too fantastical. Modern scientists’ investigations have confirmed it.

Vesuvius Erupts! 79 A.D. Towns disappear!

(Need Real Player to access) Vesuvius Erupts! Primary Source: First Person Account of Disaster. Click on Video clip entitled: Pompeii (Need Real Player to access)

Assignment 5 Read text pp 166-171 Identify 11 blue terms and answer 4 Checkpoint questions. Announcement: Friday, 12/4 Test on Rome (based on PowerPoint class notes, lectures, text: Sections 1-4, pp 150-172) No Homework Over Thanksgiving Holiday (If you are current with your work!)