Research Doctorates Conferred, 2006-2016 Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2017, Table 15

Trends in International Student Enrollment, 2006/07 – 2016/17 Data Source: Institute of International Education, International Students by Academic Level, 2006/07-2007/08, 2008/09-2009/10, 2010/11-2011/12, 2012/13-2013/14, 2013/14-2014/15, 2015/15-2015/16, and 2015/16-2016/17.

Source: NAFSA, International Student Economic Value Tool Trend of the Economic Benefits of International Student Enrollment in U.S. Source: NAFSA, International Student Economic Value Tool

Total U.S. Direct and Indirect Jobs Created/Supported: As a Result of the Economic Benefit of International Students Source: NAFSA, International Student Economic Value Tool

Average Earnings by Level of Education: Persons Age 25 and Over, 2016 Data Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment, 2016

U.S. Unemployment Rates (25 years and over) by Educational Attainment, Sex and Race/Ethnicity, 2017 Data Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPS Tables, Annual averages, Employment status. 7. Employment status of the civilian non-non-institutional population 25 years and over

Research Doctorates by Gender, 2006-2016 Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2017, Table 15

Research Doctorates Conferred to Women, 2006-2016 Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2017, Table 15

Research Doctorates Conferred to Men, 2006-2016 Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2017, Table 15

Grants and Loans as a Percentage of Funds from Total Aid and Nonfederal Loans for Graduate and Professional Students, 1992-93 to 2016-17 Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2017, Total Aid, Table 4

Graduate Student Aid by Source and Type (in Billions), 2016-17 Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2017, Total Aid, Figure 2B

Total Graduate Student Aid in 2014 Dollars (in Millions), 1995-96 to 2016-17, Selected Years   1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 (preliminary) Total federal grants $111 $164 $360 $1,137 $1,205 $1,379 $1,409 $1,607 $1,338 $1,367 Federal work-study $59 $98 $113 $110 $104 $103 $105 $187 Total federal loans $7,789 $10,631 $18,564 $35,301 $35,742 $34,788 $35,663 $33,896 $35,941 $36,734 Education tax benefits $0 $594 $987 $3,317 $3,256 $2,963 $3,037 $3,049 $1,771 $1,786 TOTAL FEDERAL AID $7,959 $11,488 $20,024 $39,865 $40,306 $39,233 $40,214 $38,655 $38,938 $40,074 State grants $72 $117 $179 $123 $146 $154 $160 $163 $168 $170 Institutional grants $2,398 $4,141 $5,329 $8,322 $8,914 $9,539 $10,187 $10,840 $11,801 $12,557 Private & employer grants $933 $1,857 $3,173 $4,517 $4,585 $4,744 $5,223 $5,467 $5,060 $5,187 TOTAL FEDERAL, STATE, INSTITUTIONAL & OTHER AID $11,361 $17,603 $28,705 $52,827 $53,952 $53,670 $55,784 $55,125 $55,967 $57,987 Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2017, Total Aid, Table 1B

Average Aid per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Graduate and Professional Student in 2014 Dollars, 1992-93 to 2016-17 Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2017, Aid per Student, Table 3

Average Annual Percentage Change in First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Citizenship, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender, Fall 2006 to Fall 2016 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Table C.6

Trends in Graduate Degrees Awarded by Institution Type, 2005-06 to 2015-16 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Table C.24

Graduate Application Acceptance Rates by Carnegie Classification and Degree level, Fall 2016 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Table B.1

First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Broad Field and Gender, Fall 2016 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Table B.4

First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Carnegie Classification and Attendance Status, Fall 2016 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Table B.4

First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Broad Field and Degree Level, Fall 2016 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Table B.6

Total Graduate Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Fall 2016 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Table B.19

Total Graduate Enrollment by Broad Field and Attendance Status, Fall 2016 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Table B.13

Size & Scope of U.S. Graduate Education 2015-2016 Academic Year: Nearly 3 million students are enrolled in post-baccalaureate programs. Over 900,000 graduate and professional degrees conferred. 785,595 master’s degrees 177,867 doctoral degrees (Incl. prof. practice degrees) 54,904 research doctorates (2016) Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2017, Table 1., U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2015, Tables 303.80, 323.10, and 324.10

Unemployment Rates by Educational Attainment, 25 years and over, Percent, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Data Source: FRED Graph Observations, Federal Reserve Economic Data, Economic Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2

Graduate Degree Attainment Master’s degrees Women earned 60% of all master’s degrees in 2015-16. Minority representation shows improvement, but remains low: African American (15%), Hispanic/Latino (10%), Asian/Pacific (6%), and American Indian /Alaskan Native (less than 1%) Education and business accounted for nearly a half (42%) of all master’s degrees conferred in 2015-16. Number of master’s increased by 24% since 2005. 2.4% average annual increase at the master’s level. Doctoral Degrees Number of doctoral degrees increased by 22% since 2003. In 2015-16, 177,867 doctoral degrees (including professional practice degrees) were conferred. 2.2% average annual increase in degree production. Data Source: U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2015, Tables 323.10, 323.20, and 324.10

Post-Baccalaureate Enrollment Trends and Projections by Gender, 1967-2026 Data Source: U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2015, Table 303.80

Graduate Student Enrollment, Fall 2016 U.S. institutions that participated in the 2016 CGS/GRE Graduate Enrollment and Degrees received about 2.15 million applications 40% had been accepted into at least 1 program 63% first-time graduate students enrolled at a public university 69% of all first-time graduate students were enrolled full-time 83% first-time graduate students were enrolled in programs leading to a master’s degree or graduate certificate 17% of all first-time graduate students were enrolling in doctoral programs 22% first-time graduate enrollees were international students Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2006 to 2016, Tables B.1, B.3, B.6, and B.10

Percentage of Post-Baccalaureate Students Who Took Distance Education Courses, Fall 2015 Data Source: U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2015, Table 311.15

Gross Domestic Expenditures on R&D by Selected Countries, 1981-2015 Data Source: National Science Board, Science & Engineering Indicators 2018, Appendix Table 4-12

Gross Domestic Expenditures on R&D as Percentage Share of GDP by Selected Countries 1981-2015 Data Source: National Science Board, Science & Engineering Indicators 2018, Appendix Table 4-12

Total Grant Aid for Grad Students: 2016 U. S Total Grant Aid for Grad Students: 2016 U.S. Dollars by Funding Source AY2006/07 to AY2016/2017 31 Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2017, Total Aid, Table 1B