Stefanie Krenzer, Heike Peterziel, Cornelia Mauch, Sachiko I

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Expression and Function of the Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 in the Human Melanoma Microenvironment Stefanie Krenzer, Heike Peterziel, Cornelia Mauch, Sachiko I. Blaber, Michael Blaber, Peter Angel, Jochen Hess Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 131, Issue 11, Pages 2281-2288 (November 2011) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.190 Copyright © 2011 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) protein expression in human melanoma tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry analysis with tissue sections from dysplastic nevi (a,b), primary melanoma (SSM,c,d), and metastatic epidermotropic melanoma (e,f) was performed with an anti-KLK6 antibody and revealed specific staining (red signal) in epidermal keratinocytes (black arrowheads) and blood vessels (open arrowheads). Right panels show a higher magnification of areas marked by black boxes. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. Dashed lines mark the tumor border. Bars=40 μm. Mel, melanoma; Met, metastasis; SSM, superficial spreading melanoma. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2011 131, 2281-2288DOI: (10.1038/jid.2011.190) Copyright © 2011 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) protein expression in human metastatic melanoma. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed as described inFigure 1 and revealed strong KLK6 expression in keratinocytes adjacent to metastatic epidermotropic melanoma (a,b), but not in samples of metastatic dermal melanoma (c–f). Dashed lines mark the tumor border and KLK6 expression in blood vessels is indicated by open arrowheads. Bars=40 μm. Met, metastasis. Right panels show a higher magnification of areas marked by black boxes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2011 131, 2281-2288DOI: (10.1038/jid.2011.190) Copyright © 2011 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Recombinant kallikrein-related peptidase (Klk6) induces melanoma cell migration and invasion. Relative migration of MeWo (a) and SKmel23 (b) cells was quantified in a scratch wounding assay at indicated time points. The distance between two migrating cell borders was measured, and relative migration is indicated in percentage with closed wounds set to 100%. Black bars represent untreated cells and white bars indicate cells treated with 40 nM recombinant rat Klk6. (c) Relative invasion of SKmel23 cells was measured using BD BioCoat Matrigel invasion chambers. Invading Klk6-treated (Klk6) and untreated cells (control) were stained with calcein fluorescent dye and measured with the BMG FLUOSTAR Optima device. The number of invading cells in a control experiment was set to one and relative invasion capacity was determined.*P<0.05;**P≤0.007;***P<0.0005. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2011 131, 2281-2288DOI: (10.1038/jid.2011.190) Copyright © 2011 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) expression and Ca2+ release in melanoma cell lines. (a) Western blot analysis of whole-cell lysates with an anti-PAR1 antibody. β-Actin protein levels served as control for cell extract quantity and quality. (b) FACS measurement of PAR1 receptor expression at the SKmel23 cell surface (white) in comparison with control staining with the secondary antibody (black). (c,d) Intracellular calcium levels were assessed by FACS analysis using the calcium-indicative dyes fluo-4 and FuraRed. One representative measurement (n=3) of calcium release after stimulation with 1 μg ml-1 ionomycin and 100 μM of PAR1 (TFLLRamide) is shown inc. Calcium release after stimulation with 1 μg ml-1 ionomycin and 40 nM recombinant rat Klk6 is shown ind. The arrows indicate treatment with the stimulus. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2011 131, 2281-2288DOI: (10.1038/jid.2011.190) Copyright © 2011 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) silencing in SKmel23 cells. (a) Relative PAR1 transcript levels in SKmel23 #1–4 cells were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. All expression levels were normalized to lamin B1 transcript levels. (b) Western blot analysis of a whole-cell lysate using anti-PAR1 antibody. β-Actin protein levels served as control for cell extract quantity and quality. (c) FACS measurement to quantify PAR1 receptor expression at the cell surface of SKmel23 cells (#2 white and #3 gray). (d) Calcium measurement was recorded as described inFigure 4. One representative (n=3) measurement of calcium release is shown in PAR1 knockdown SKmel23 cells (#2) in comparison with control SKmel23 cells (#3) upon stimulation with 100 μM of PAR1 agonistic peptide (TFLLRamide). The arrow indicates treatment with the stimulus. ShRNA, small hairpin RNA. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2011 131, 2281-2288DOI: (10.1038/jid.2011.190) Copyright © 2011 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Impaired calcium release and invasion after kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (Klk6) stimulation in protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-silenced SKmel23 cells. (a) Calcium measurement was recorded as described inFigure 4. One representative measurement of calcium release is shown in PAR1 knockdown SKmel23 cells (#2) in comparison with control SKmel23 cells (#3) upon stimulation with 40 nM recombinant rat Klk6. The arrow indicates treatment with the stimulus. (b,c) Invasion assay was performed as described inFigure 3. Relative invasion capacity of Klk6-treated (Klk6) and control PAR1 knockdown SKmel23 cells (#2;b) and SKmel23 control cells (#3;c) is shown.*P<0.05. (d) Coimmunohistochemistry analysis with tissue sections from unaffected skin, primary melanoma (SSM), and metastatic epidermotropic melanoma specimens was performed with an anti-KLK6 antibody (green signal) and an anti-PAR1 antibody (red signal). Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. Bar=200 μm. Mel, melanoma; Met, metastasis; SSM, superficial spreading melanoma. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2011 131, 2281-2288DOI: (10.1038/jid.2011.190) Copyright © 2011 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions