Dr. Susan P. Mains Geography GE21001 Dynamic Human Worlds Economic Geography Lecture 1 How do human geographers investigate space, economics, power and inequality? Dr. Susan P. Mains Geography
Lecture Outline Defining Space Society-Space & Inequality Approaches to space, economics, power and inequality—some examples Useful Reading: Susan J. Smith. 2009. “Society-Space,” Chapter 2 of Introducing Human Geographies, 2nd Edition by Cloke et al., p18-33.
Defining Space Space and society Previously: “regard spatial arrangements as a more or less straightforward reflection of social divisions” (Smith 2009, 18) More complex, multiple relations & processes Diversity of approaches in human geography
Defining Space Space and society Moving from more “fixed” ideas about space and differences between places descriptionpatternsrelative space Towards understanding power and space Why places were where they were? How different individuals/institutions used and related to spaces in varying ways
Defining Space “Space and time (or space-time) are now seen as being ‘produced’ or ‘constituted’ through action and interaction” (Derek Gregory, 2000, p. 771, The Dictionary of Human Geography, Blackwell).
Defining Space 2) “Space and time cannot be held fast in fixed compartments, measured intervals or regular geometries” (Derek Gregory, 2000, p. 772, The Dictionary of Human Geography, Blackwell).
Defining Space 3) “productions of space are inseparable from productions of NATURE” (Derek Gregory, 2000, p. 772, The Dictionary of Human Geography, Blackwell).
Defining Space Space and social practices are intertwined They are dynamic Material and social Rhythm and feel of the same space may vary (e.g., movements of people in cities https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaskee5msxo ) Physically spaces may be in close proximity, but economically worlds apart
Princes Street Gardens & Castle, Edinburgh
Trafalgar Square, London
Jakarta, Indonesia
Space and Place Place giving space meaning Emotional attachments, experiences Places are dynamic and relational “Sense of place” Stories, events, identities linked to places
Places are “Happening”! Place is an event in that sense too... There can be no assumption of pre-given coherence, or of community or collective identity. Rather the throwntogetherness of place demands negotiation. Doreen Massey, For Space (2005)
Space, Power and Inequality Critical: challenging positivist “objective” researcher Research is a product of society Different forms of knowledge & data Questioning abstraction & reduction
Space, Power and Inequality World is socially constructed Shaped by experiences Political perspectives Access to information Books, television news, government policies, social campaigns Challenging taken-for-granted notions of space
Space, Power and Inequality Some examples of topics using a Marxian approach: Don Mitchell--landscapes of migrant workers in California David Harvey--cinema and changing economic relations Doreen Massey--spatial divisions of labour in landscape
Space, Power and Inequality
Combining Marxist & Feminist Approaches: Socialist Feminism Urban planning: where are the different individuals or households? E.g., the difficulties for a working class single mother to access paid work, while locating childcare, accessing public transportation and maintaining a suitable income without having to travel lengthy distances daily.
Homeless Women’s Meal Program, D.C.
“Social networks in time and space: Homeless women on Skid Row” Annals of the AAG Vol.80, No.2 (1990) Jennifer Wolch