The New Development of Spatial Explorer of Religion New Information, New Technology and New Directions Shuming Bao China Data Center University of Michigan sbao@umich.edu

“Spatial Study of Religion and Society” Supported by the Henry Luce Foundation The project aims: promoting research, teaching, learning, and training on the spatial studies of religions and society in China. Plans: Research References Collection Research System Development Research Training Features: Accessibility Usability Expandability Free for those who are willing to share 2

Topics Introduction Data Methodology Technology Case Studies Future Plans

I. Introduction The aim of the spatial study of religion: The spatial process of religion and society Research issues: Spatial patterns of religion (number and structure) Spatial trends and spatial regimes (space-time series) Spatial interactions among different religions Spatial interactions between religion and other aspects of the society (migration, trade, culture, urbanization, ….) 4

II. Data Religious Sites: Original data source from 2004 Economic Census Atlas of Religions in China (UMCDC): Buddhism Taoism Christianity Muslim others Population: Original data source from population Census (1953, 1964, 1982, 1990, 2000) China Population Census Data with GIS Maps (province, city, county and townships) Business: Original data source from business Census (1995, 2001, 2004) China Economic Census Data with GIS Maps (province, city, county and ZIP) Digital Atlas by Industries of China Others: Socioeconomic Statistics, Geography, Environment, …… 5

II. Methodology Report Analysis Site Analysis Location Analysis Trend Analysis Statistical Analysis Space-Time Analysis Graphic Analysis Map Visualization GIS ESDA Spatial Analysis Statistical Analysis

III. Technology An Integration of Information, Methodology and Knowledge supported by Spatial Intelligence Technology + Methodology + knowledge Information Technology DATA RS GIS

Spatial Explorer of Religion Spatial Intelligence for Space-Time Data Integration and Analysis Statistics Charts Tables Reports Census Maps GIS

Spatial Explorer of Religion

What Is New About Spatial Explorer of Religion? Site data with accurate geo-reference Graphic Analysis Statistical Analysis Space-time Analysis Integration with other data sources

Report Analysis Select by map Select by administrative units 11

Site Analysis

Location Analysis Select by X & Y coordinates Select by locations on map 13

Trend Analysis

Graphic Analysis

Statistical Analysis 16

Space-Time Analysis

Data Export 18

Map Export

V. Case Studies Spatial Patterns of Regions Spatial Trends of Religious Development Spatial Religion and Economic Growth Spatial Religion and Urbanization Spatial Religion and International Trade Spatial Religion and Migration Spatial Religion and Culture

Spatial Distribution of Religious Sites by Province Christianity Buddhism Daoism Islam

Spatial Correlation between Religions

Religion and Economic Growth Ben Anderson, University of Michigan Shibao Liu, Xiamen University Literature: Polarization of religion has positive impact on economic growth Test: What is the impact of religious diversity on regional growth?

Religion and Migration Changzhen Wang, Wuhan University Literature: Religion discourage out-migration Test: Will the regions with more religious sites discourage out/in migration?

Religion and Urbanization Xiaodong Fu, Renmin University Literature: Urbanization may have negative impact on religious development Test: Where are mostly dynamic changes in religious sites located: urban, rural or transition areas?

Religion and International Trade Tai Guo, Central University of Finance and Economics Literature: International trade help spread religion Test: The impact of international trade on religious distribution and growth

Religion and Culture Xing Ren, Henan University Literature: The spatial-temporal process can be identified with the spatial frequency of family names Test: The spatial process of different religions with the family names of Temple abbot.

Religion and Culture Yayuan Liu, Fudan University Literature: The spatial-temporal process can be identified with the spatial frequency of Temple names Test: The spatial process of different religions with the names of Temples.

What We Can Learn from the Spatial Study of Religion? Read time on space Recognize spatial barriers Analyze data with incomplete information Future Plans: Integration of more data sources Derived data structure Expanded function for structural analysis Multiple versions: public, library, research

Building A Global Network for Spatial Study of Religion and Society http://religioninchina.org Involvement – interaction - international