CHAPTER 2 REVIEW

Who was the first Europeans to have contact with North America? The Vikings

Him and his crew landed in present day Canada Who was Leif Eriksson? The son of Erik the Red Him and his crew landed in present day Canada Then eventually traveled farther south to perhaps what is today New England. Stayed in North America only a couple of years due to the area being too far for other Viking settlements and constant threats from native Americans

Provide 3 facts about Henry The Navigator He was from Portugal Greatly advanced Portugal’s exploration efforts Built an observatory and found a school of navigation He paid for expeditions to explore the West Coast of Africa Financed research by map makers and ship builders * The Portuguese also made advances in ship building

What were some of the reasons Europeans had to explore “The New World”? They wanted Asian spices They wanted to spread Christianity They wanted to learn more about Asian cultures

A device that helped find ships location by using the stars. What is an Astrolabe? A device that helped find ships location by using the stars.

New ships that had triangular sails What is a caravel? New ships that had triangular sails

Portugal’s exploration would have major results, including the start of the Atlantic Slave Trade

Provide 3 facts about Christopher Columbus He was from Genoa Italy He asked King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to pay for an expedition across the Atlantic In 1492 he set sail His three ships were the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria At this time, Europeans called Asia the “Indies” so Columbus called native Americans “Indians” cause he thought he was in Asia. He made three journeys to the Americas in his life.

What is Circumnavigate? To go all the way around

What was the Columbian exchange? European explorers took new plants and animals to Europe, Asia and Africa. This transfer became known as the Columbian exchange because it started with Columbus’ explorations. It dramatically changed the world.

Europeans also shipped millions of enslaved Africans to work in colonies in the new world

Provide at least 3 facts about the Conquistadors They were soldiers sent from Spain Hernan Cortes led them in expeditions to Americas They defeated Moctezuma (Ruler of the Aztecs) Francisco Pizarro was another Conquistador who defeated the Incas

Many other Spanish explorers came to North America as well Many other Spanish explorers came to North America as well. Another was Juan Ponce De Leon. What do you know about him? He landed on the island of Puerto Rico and discovered gold there. He conquered it and founded the city of San Juan. He later discovered the coast of what is now Florida and searched for “The Fountain Of Youth there”

What happened to the Spanish explorer De Vaca and his men? They faced several problems such as a shortage of food and severe weather. Only De Vaca and three others survived. They were then captured and enslaved by Native Americans. Eventually escaped, and returned to Spain.

What is a plantation? Large farms that grew just one kind of crop

What did Bartolome De Las Casas say the Spanish should do? Convert Native Americans to Christianity

What was the Protestant reformation? Reformers who protested some of the Catholic churches practices. It was started by Martin Luther.

Who was Johannes Gutenberg? He invented the printing press

What was the Spanish Armada? A huge fleet of warships meant to end English plans. But England defeated the Spanish.

What was the Northwest Passage? A water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific

In 1524 France sent Italian captain, Giovanni da Verrazano to seek a Northwest passage. He sailed along the coast of North America from North Carolina to Maine

Jacques Cartier led France’s next major exploration to North America Jacques Cartier led France’s next major exploration to North America. He made two trips to what is now… Canada

The Dutch hired Henry Hudson to find a North West passage. He first sailed to present day N.Y then he followed a strait to the north that led to a huge bay which he called Hudson Bay.

The English, French, Dutch and Swedish all explored the North American continent and later established colonies there.

Who was the Spanish priest who suggested using enslaved Africans as workers? Bartolome De Las Casas

In 1510 The Spanish government legalized the sale of slaves in its colonies. After, slaves were bought to the Spanish and Portuguese colonies. The Dutch and English also became active in the slave trade

What was the Middle Passage? The voyage across the Atlantic ocean that slaves were forced to endure.

What is a Diaspora? The scattering of people all around the world.