Sea Scout Ship SouthWinds 100 Apprentice 7 Boat Handling Apprentice 7a, 7b, and 7c* * Requires additional hands-on demonstration

Boat Handling – Apprentice Apprentice rank requirements: Principal parts of a boat Sailboat characteristics Heaving a line

Principal Parts Requirement: Apprentice 7a. Name the principal parts of a typical sailboat & a runabout.

Principal Parts – Universal All boats have 4 sides & 2 relative directions. PORT BOW STERN STARBOARD Fore Aft

Principal Parts – Universal All boats have 4 sides & 2 relative directions. BOW PORT Fore Aft STERN STARBOARD

Principal Parts – Universal Much derived from ancient sailing days: Starboard – Norwegian rudder was a “st jorn” (pronounced starn). St jorn board was on right side of vessel – facing front. Right side of vessel became “starboard.” Port – Left side of vessel was next to dock or port – facing front. The loading board was on the left side. “Load board” became “larboard.” “Larboard” & starboard sounded too much alike. So “larboard” was changed to “port.”

Principal Parts – Hull Hull – the boat’s main body or outer shell. Freeboard – the distance between the waterline & the main deck. Draft – the depth of a hull from the waterline to the lowest part of the keel, rudder or prop.

Hull – Types Displacement – buoyancy achieved by displacing a volume of water equal to the vessel’s weight. Planing – as speed increases, hydrodynamic lift increases & the vessel rises out of the water, thus decreasing the displacement volume & increasing speed. Semi-displacement – combination displacement & planing hull.

Hull – Shapes Flat bottom V-bottom Round bottom Multi-hull

Principal Parts – Keel Keel – the backbone of all boats; the basic support extending from bow to stern: Reduces leeway – downwind or sideways drift of vessel. Lowers center of gravity – increases stability.

Keel – Types on a Sailboat Fixed keel – has no moving parts. Swing keel – weighted keel can be partially retracted. Centerboard – pivots around a pin; can be fully raised or lowered. Daggerboard – slides up & down in trunk instead of pivoting.

Sailboat – Characteristics Requirement: Apprentice 7b. Describe the identifying characteristics of a: Sloop, Ketch, Yawl, Cutter & Schooner.

Sailboats – Sloop A sloop is a single-masted sailboat. Has a mainsail & a foresail. Referred to as a Marconi-rigged (or Bermuda) sloop, the purest type of sailboat, it’s widely re- garded as the most efficient rig when sailing to windward. Can also fly a spinnaker or gennaker.

Sailboats – Cutter Like sloops, a cutter is also a single-masted sailboat, but with the mast set further aft. Has a mainsail, a foresail & an additional sail (staysail) set on its own stay between the foresail & the mainsail (inner stay). The forestay (shown here) may be set on a bowsprit.

Sailboats – Ketch A ketch has 2 masts: Mainmast (forward). Shorter mizzen mast aft (forward of rudder post). Has a mizzen sail, mainsail & a foresail. May also sport a staysail, with or without a bowsprit, in which case it may be called a cutter-rigged ketch.

Sailboats – Yawl Like ketches, a yawl has 2 masts: Mainmast (forward). Shorter mizzen mast aft (aft of rudder post). Has a mizzen sail, mainsail & a foresail. A yawl may also include a staysail, with or without a bowsprit, in which case it may be called a cutter-rigged yawl.

Sailboats – Schooner A schooner has 2 or more masts, in which the aft-most mast (mainmast) is the same height or taller than the foremost mast. The one shown here is a gaff cutter rigged, with a topsail set on the mainmast. (Note: a gaff is simply a boom set at the top of a sail.)

Sailboat – Characteristics SINGLE MAST Sloop Cutter MULTI-MASTS Ketch Yawl Schooner

Boat Handling – Heaving Line Requirement: Apprentice 7c. Demonstrate the ability to use a heaving line.

Heaving Line Use a line longer than the distance be thrown. Coil carefully & evenly with the draw toward the free end. Hold the shipboard end of the line in one hand & the coil to be thrown in the other. Throw underhanded with a strong, swinging motion. Release the line when it is above the shoulders. Aim at the shoulders of the receiver. Add a weight, as necessary.

Questions?