Respiratory System

NASAL CAVITY EPIGLOTTIS LARYNX (VOCAL CORDS) TRACHEA LUNG LUNG 1 NASAL CAVITY ORAL CAVITY 2 3 EPIGLOTTIS LARYNX (VOCAL CORDS) 4 5 TRACHEA 6 LUNG 6 LUNG 7 BRONCHUS 7 BRONCHUS 8 BRONCHIOLE 9 ALVEOLI DIAPHRAGM 10

What are they? 1) NASAL CAVITY (NOSE): The preferred entrance for air into the respiratory system. 2) ORAL CAVITY (MOUTH): Another way for air to enter into the respiratory system. 3) EPIGLOTTIS: A flap of cartilage that blocks the larynx (airway) when swallowing food. 4) LARYNX: Vocal cords that vibrate as air moves through them Nose: The hairs that line the inside wall are part of the air-cleansing system. Mouth: especially in people who have a mouth-breathing habit or whose nasal passages may be temporarily obstructed, as by a cold. 5) TRACHEA (WINDPIPE): Passageway that leads to the lungs. 6) LUNG: The respiration organ of the respiratory system 7) BRONCHI (TUBES): The trachea divides into two main bronchi, one for each lung. 8) BRONCHIOLES: The smallest subdivisions of the bronchi 9) DIAPHRAGM: The muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. It works to expand the lungs. 10) ALVEOLI: The very small air sacs deep in our lungs where gas exchange occurs.

BREATHING

EXHALATION breathe out INHALATION breath in AIR: DIAPHRAGM: STOMACH: CHEST: GOES IN GOES OUT CONTRACTS (flattens & moves downward) RELAXES (arches and moves upward) CONTRACTS EXPANDS CONTRACTS EXPANDS

Between the alveoli and red blood cells in the capillaries WHAT? Oxygen (from air) and carbon dioxide (from our body) are exchanged. GAS EXCHANGE WHERE? HOW? Between the alveoli and red blood cells in the capillaries Oxygen from air moves across the membrane into the blood Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air we breathe out

CAPILLARY (small blood vessel) ALVEOLI ALVEOLI BRONCHIOLE OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) CAPILLARY (small blood vessel)

We have about 25,000,000 (25 million) alveoli in EACH lung We have about 25,000,000 (25 million) alveoli in EACH lung! Why do you think it is advantageous to have so many? VS. IT INCREASES SURFACE AREA! The more surface area we have, the faster and more efficient gas exchange will be.

ASTHMA WHAT? It is a long term disease where the bronchioles get swollen and constrict with mucus inside making it difficult to breath CAUSES? Family Air pollution Airways/bronchioles get swollen; mucus inside; makes it difficult to breathe; muscles around airways twitch or spasm, so they constrict/tighten so there is less room for air to flow through SYMPTOMS? Coughing Shortness of breath Wheezing Tightness in chest

INFLAMMATION MUSCLE TIGHTENING Triggers? Allergies (e.g., dust, pollen) Viral infection (e.g., cold, flu) Inducers? Cold air Smoke Exercise INFLAMMATION MUSCLE TIGHTENING MUSCLE TIGHTENING INFLAMMATION MUCUS

TREATMENT? Preventer Inhaler used before an attack during shortness of breath. Rescue Inhaler used after an asthma attack CURE? NONE - There is no cure but it can be managed