Nerve Impulses.

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Presentation transcript:

Nerve Impulses

The neuron membrane Three major types of embedded proteins Sodium (Na+) gated channels Potassium (K+) gated channels Sodium-Potassium Pump Gated channels opened/closed based on conditions, allow facilitated diffusion when open Pumps – use ATP to do active transport (move against the concentration gradient

IV. Nerve Impulses A. Resting potential – at rest, the neuron cell membrane is polarized (more positive outside than inside) to -70mV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4NX87Yk

Depolarization – a stimulus depolarizes the membrane allowing Na+ into the cell. 1. If the impulse is strong enough (reaches the threshold) an Action Potential is generated (goes down the length of the axon) All or none

Repolarization – K+ ions rush out of the cell in response to the Na+ coming in Hyperpolarization – prevents another action potential from starting before one is finished (refractor period) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SHBnExxub8

Return to resting potential Sodium and potassium channels close, Na+/K+ Pump restores resting potential

Saltatory conduction – transmission of an impulse through myelination

Communication at the Synapse Direction of impulse

6

Action potential reaches axon terminals of pre- synaptic cell Causes Ca2+ to enter the cell Signals for the release of neurotransmitter into the synapse by exocytosis Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse, binds to receptors on post-synaptic cell Opens sodium gates to start an action potential in the post synaptic cell