Biotechnology Biotechnology is the combination of technology and biological sciences. 1. Selective breeding Resources: Inbreeding Life Science (Prentice Hall) Hybridization 2. Genetic Engineering DNA fingerprint Cloning Genetically Modified Organisms 3. What do you have to know? Name of the technique Brief description of what is involved in the technique One specific example of how this technique has been used How humans have benefited from that technique? What are the concerns?

Goal: Understand the meaning of “Selective Breeding” New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Selective Breeding discriminating choosy mating reproduction crossing Definitions of breeding: Producing offspring by the selection of parents Giving birth to young Reproduce In context Rabbits breed quickly Breeding dogs procreation

Selecting Breeding Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Selecting Breeding Red delicious Machintosh Granny Smith Gala Wild apple Sweet Tart Juicy Sour Crunchy Type Color Shape Size Taste Red delicious Macintosh Granny Smith Gala Wild apple red green yellow Yellow round Flat medium big small Very small sweet tart juicy sour crunchy 1. Examine apples of different varieties 2. Record the color, shape, size, taste. 3. Circle the most desirable traits for an apple you would like to grow 4. How could you produce an apple that has the best traits of all 5 varieties? 5. Most apple trees do not produce fruit until they are about 15 years old. How could you use your knowledge of DNA to produce a new variety of apple more quickly

Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Selective Breeding The breeding of animals or plants that have desirable characteristics Breeding an organism that has a desirable trait with another so that the desirable trait is passed to the next generation. http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/

Goal: Understand the Process of Inbreeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Inbreeding Inbreeding is the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/select.html

Hybridization Donkey Horse Mule Goal: Understand the Process of Hybridization New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Hybridization Hybridization is the crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms. Donkey Horse Mule Zeedonk

Example of Hybrids Goal: Understand the Process of Hybridization New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Example of Hybrids Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey. Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Mule and hinny are examples of reciprocal hybrids. Zeedonk or Zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross. Zorse, a zebra/horse cross Beefalo, a cross of an American bison and a domestic cow. This is a fertile breed. Zubron, a hybrid between wisent (European bison) and domestic cow. Ligers and Tiglons (crosses between a lion and a tiger) and other Panthera hybrids such as the lijagulep.

Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Selective Breeding consists of Similar organisms Organism breed A which crosses which crosses Organism breed A for example for example Retains desired characteristics Combines desired characteristics Organism breed B which which Inbreeding Hybridization Dissimilar organisms

Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Concept Map Section 13-1 Selective Breeding consists of Inbreeding Hybridization which crosses which crosses Similar organisms Dissimilar organisms for example for example Organism breed A Organism breed B which which Retains desired characteristics Combines desired characteristics

Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating DO NOW: Fill the blanks with the words: hybridization or inbreeding Crossing individuals with different traits is called ________________________ Breeding individuals with similar characteristics is called __________________ Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms ___________________________ The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics_____________ hybridization inbreeding hybridization inbreeding

Selective breeding (Hybridization) Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating 4. To produce large tomatoes that are resistant to cracking and splitting, some seed companies use the pollen from one variety of tomato plant to fertilize a different variety of tomato plant. This process is an example of _________________________________ 5. White short-horned cattle and Black Angus cattle have been crossed to produce offspring with superior beef and rapid growth qualities. This process of choosing organisms with the most desirable traits for mating is known as _______________________   Selective breeding (Hybridization) Selective breeding (Hybridization)

Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Name of the technique Brief description of what is involved in the technique One specific example of how this technique has been used Inbreeding Hybridization The breeding of animals or plants that have similar characteristics Crossing dissimilar organisms to combine the best of both Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey Breeding of dogs or horses

Name of the technique Inbreeding Hybridization Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Name of the technique Inbreeding Hybridization What are the benefits? What are the concern? To obtain a new organism with the best of both parents To preserve traits that make each breed unique Lack of variation: Most of the members of a breed are genetically similar Diseases spread easily in the cloned population Offspring may suffer from a number of genetic defects and diseases: blindness, joint deformities,… Offspring may not retain unique features (those features breeders are interested in)

How humans have benefit from these technique Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating For many years, humans have used a variety of techniques that have influenced the genetic makeup of organisms. These techniques have led to the production of new varieties of organisms that possess characteristics that are useful to humans. Identify one technique presently being used to alter the genetic makeup of an organism, and explain how humans can benefit from this change. Your answer must include at least: (1) the name of the technique used to alter the genetic makeup (2) a brief description of what is involved in this technique (3) one specific example of how this technique has been used (4) a statement of how humans have benefited from the production of this new variety of organism Technique Description Example How humans have benefit from these technique Inbreeding Reproduction of individuals with similar traits Breeding Dogs or horses To obtain a desired line of organisms Hybridization Crossing dissimilar organisms to combine the best of both Cross disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another. To obtain plants and animals farmers need to increase food production