Japanese SBAS Program: Current Status and Dual-Frequency Trial IS-GNSS 2016 Tainan, Taiwan Dec. 5-7, 2016 Japanese SBAS Program: Current Status and Dual-Frequency Trial Takeyasu Sakai Electronic Navigation Research Institute National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Japan

Contents History Configuration Current Status Continuous Operation IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 1 Contents History Configuration Current Status Continuous Operation MSAS Evolution Plan

MSAS History (1) ICAO FANS Concept in 1988: GNSS Core Constellations: IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 2 MSAS History (1) ICAO FANS Concept in 1988: In 1983, ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) organized the special committee for FANS (Future Air Navigation Systems). Recommendation: CNS should be modernized in a global manner. AMSS (aeronautical mobile satellite service); GNSS (global navigation satellite system); and ADS (automatic dependent surveillance); all based on satellites. GNSS Core Constellations: US and Russia: GPS and GLONASS available for free of direct user charges. Remaining problem: ‘Integrity’ Capability to generate timely alert in case that the navigation system does not operate with the intended performance. In ICAO, 'GNSS' means global satellite navigation service with accuracy and integrity available for civil aviation.

MSAS History (2) Augmentation Systems: MSAS Program in Japan: IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 3 MSAS History (2) Augmentation Systems: A realization of integrity: GIC (GPS integrity channel). Monitoring GPS signals at the ground stations and transmitting integrity information to the airplane. ICAO standard of augmentation system providing ‘integrity’ as a GIC: SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System) using geostationary satellites for wide area service; and GBAS (Ground-Based Augmentation System) with VHF datalink serving near an airport. Finally documentation of SBAS and GBAS was made effective in 2002. MSAS Program in Japan: JCAB (Japan Civil Aviation Bureau) of Ministry of Transport (Reorganized in 2001 to Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) decided the development of its own SBAS in 1993. The system named MSAS, or MTSAT Satellite-based Augmentation System, was originally planned to be operational in 2000.

MSAS History (3) MSAS GEO Satellites: Ground facilities: IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 4 MSAS History (3) MSAS GEO Satellites: MTSAT (Multi-functional Transport Satellite): Aviation and weather missions. MTSAT works for AMSS and SBAS services for aviation. Launch of the MTSAT-1 was unfortunately failed in 1999. Spare satellites: MTSAT-1R was launched in February 2005. 2nd GEO: MTSAT-2 on the orbit in February 2006. Ground facilities: Consists of 2 MCS (KASC and HASC), 4 GMS, and 2 MRS. MSAS-96 system completed by 1999. Beginning Operation: Broadcast test signal since summer 2005. Certification activities for 2 years. Finally, MSAS began its operation in September 27, 2007. Available for Enroute to NPA (non precision approach) flight modes.

Original Configuration IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 5 Original Configuration Ranging Signals MTSAT-1R GPS Satellites Ground Network Naha GMS Fukuoka GMS Tokyo GMS Sapporo Hitachi-Ota MCS (and GMS) Kobe MCS Hawaii MRS Australia MRS Users MTSAT-2 Augmentation Signals 6 GMS in Japan Canberra MRS Hawaii PRN137 PRN129 MSAS Monitor Stations 2 GEO, 2 MCS (Master Control Station), 4 GMS (Ground Monitor Station), and 2 MRS; MCS also has GMS function; MSAS has 6 domestic monitor stations. 2 MRS (Monitor and Ranging Station) for accurate GEO positioning for ranging function.

IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 6 MSAS GEO (MTSAT) MTSAT-1R Spacecraft 3-axis stabilized spacecraft with the standard bus system. Solar panel at the single side. Due to installation of equipment for the weather mission. L-band transponder with the bandwidth of 2.2MHz. Uplink: Ku-band (13GHz) due to results of frequency coordination. Also has downlink channel in Ku-band. For power control of uplink signal because of rain attenuation in Ku-band.

MCS Facilities KASC (Kobe Aeronautical Satellite Center) HASC IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 7 MCS Facilities KASC (Kobe Aeronautical Satellite Center) HASC (Hitachi-Ota Aeronautical Satellite Center) Western part of Japan MCS nominal for MTSAT-1R (PRN129) Backup for MTSAT-2 (PRN137) Dishes for 2 GEO and emergency Eastern part of Japan MCS nominal for MTSAT-2 (PRN137) Backup for MTSAT-1R (PRN129) Dishes for 2 GEO

MTSAT Coverage (Fukuoka FIR) MTSAT-1R @140E MTSAT-2 @145E IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 8 MTSAT Coverage (Fukuoka FIR) MTSAT-1R @140E MTSAT-2 @145E FIR: Flight Information Region

Current Status MSAS: Japanese SBAS in operation. IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 9 Current Status MSAS: Japanese SBAS in operation. MTSAT Satellite-based Augmentation System. Operational since Sept. 27, 2007. Continue operation with 2 signals via 1 GEO. MTSAT-1R decommissioned in Dec. 2015. Hawaii and Australia MRS sites are decommissioned in Feb. 2015. Service for Air Navigation GPS Augmentation Information for RNAV, from En-route through NPA (RNP 0.3). Within Fukuoka FIR. Only horizontal navigation due to ionosphere activities. NOTAM is available to MSAS users. Alert for Service Interruption. Alert for Predicted Service Outage.

Current Configuration IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 10 Current Configuration Ranging Signals GPS Satellites Ground Network Naha GMS Fukuoka GMS Tokyo GMS Sapporo Hitachi-Ota MCS (and GMS) Kobe MCS Users MTSAT-2 Augmentation Signals 6 GMS in Japan PRN137 PRN129 MSAS Monitor Stations 1 GEO, 2 MCS (Master Control Station) and 4 GMS (Ground Monitor Station); MCS also has GMS function; MSAS has 6 domestic monitor stations. MTSAT-2 is broadcasting 2 signals from 2 MCS (PRN129 and PRN137).

Performance of MSAS GPS only GPS only MSAS PRN129 MSAS PRN137 IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 11 Performance of MSAS GPS only GPS only Horizontal 0.722m RMS Horizontal 0.717m RMS MSAS PRN129 MSAS PRN137 GEONET 940058 (Takayama) 16/8/8-12 (5 days) PRN129 and PRN137 Broadcast Signal

Integrity Performance IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 12 Integrity Performance Loss of Availability Loss of Availability & Integrity HAL=556m Horizontal Protection Level (HPL), m Loss of Integrity Normal Operation Loss of Integrity Actual Error, m

Implementation of RNP/RNAV IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 13 Implementation of RNP/RNAV Tanegashima Yakushima Izumo Oki Niijima Kozushima Fukui ● Toyama Okierabu Chofu Tarama Amami Shonai Tokunoshima Yoron Akita Kumamoto Miyazaki Tottori Yamaguchi-Ube New Chitose Hakodate Asahikawa Kagoshima Oita Kita Kyushu Nagasaki Komatsu Hiroshima Okayama Miho Iwakuni Kochi Matsuyama Osaka Tokushima Niigata Oodate-noshiro Sendai Haneda Naha Ishigaki Miyako ◆ Narita Kansai Kobe Fukuoka Chubu Nagoya Takamatsu Southwestern Islands ●　RNAV Approach 　 17　airports RNP Approach 　 　 15　airports Basic RNP 1 　 16　airports ●　RNP AR Approach 12　airports ◆　RNAV1 　　 30 airports As of August 2014 (RNAV / RNP Approach 50 airports)

Continuous Operation Current status: Replacement in 2020: IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 14 Continuous Operation Current status: MTSAT-1R decommissioned in 2015. MTSAT-2 will be in 2020. 2 MRS sites decommissioned in 2015. The ground facilities need to be upgraded: It is difficult to maintain 20-year old equipment. Replacement in 2020: MSAS continues operation with 1 GEO (MTSAT-2) and 6 GMS by 2020. In 2020, MSAS will continue operation with a GEO of the QZSS. QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System): Japanese regional satellite navigation system with IGSO and GEO satellites. The L1Sb signal of QZS-3 (GEO) will be used for MSAS service. MCS equipment will also be fully replaced at the same time. 7 GMS will be added: Totally 13 GMS domestic. Performance will be similar with the current MSAS: Horizontal only.

Improvement Plan Supporting vertical guidance: IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 15 Improvement Plan Supporting vertical guidance: Vertical guidance: LPV and LPV-200 operation. Need software upgrade: Adding GMS cannot overcome ionospheric effects. ENRI has been developed the improved algorithms for ionospheric correction. Will be supported in accordance with introduction of the 2nd GEO in 2023. Dual-Frequency operation: Eliminates ionospheric effects dramatically. Robust vertical guidance (LPV and LPV-200) in the whole Japanese airspace. QZSS GEO will have the L5S signal useable for L5 SBAS. ENRI will begin L5 SBAS experiment in 2018 with QZSS satellites. The first opportunity of the L5 SBAS signal from the space. Expects participation to this experiments from Asian countries.

MSAS Evolution Plan L5 SBAS trial since 2018. IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 16 MSAS Evolution Plan L5 SBAS trial since 2018. Replacement to the new QZSS-based system in 2020. LPV/LPV-200 upgrade in 2023 and L5 SBAS implementation after that.

Conclusion MSAS has been operational since Sept. 2007. IS-GNSS Dec. 2016 - Slide 17 Conclusion MSAS has been operational since Sept. 2007. An operational SBAS in accordance with ICAO standards. Service: Horizontal navigation (Enroute to NPA performance). Continues operation with MTSAT-2 GEO. MSAS evolution plan: Replacement to the fully new system and new GEO in 2020. Upgrade for vertical guidance in 2023 with the 2nd GEO. Dual frequency L5 SBAS trial since 2018 with real signals. Contact for more information: Dr. Takeyasu Sakai <sakai@mpat.go.jp> Electronic Navigation Research Institute National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Japan