Fishing Resources.

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Presentation transcript:

Fishing Resources

Fisheries: Concentration of a particular aquatic species used for commercial harvesting 3rd major food producing system

How we fish Commercial fishing industry uses satellite positioning equipment, sonar, massive nets, spotter planes, and factory ships

Methods of fishing

Trawlers A funnel shaped net is dragged along the ocean bottom Most detrimental to ocean floor habitats

Purse-seine fishing Large purse-seine net is placed around a school of fish and closed like a purse string

Longlining: Fish vessels put out lines up to 80 miles long with thousands of baited hooks Catches by-catch (non-target species)

Drift net fishing: Each net hangs as much as 50 feet below surface and is up to 34 miles long; almost anything that comes in contact becomes entangled huge threat to biodiversity Causes overfishing

1990 – UN decided to monitor use of modified drift nets Pros: Smaller harvests Cons: Voluntary compliance Difficulty monitoring fleets More longlining

Protecting Marine Biodiversity

Challenges It is hard to enforce the following laws because of the vast expanse of open ocean

International Waters (Law of the Sea)

Tragedy of The Commons Essay written by Garrett Hardin Idea that everyone has access to certain areas (national parks, the ocean), but if a problem arises, no one group will take responsibility Examples include: Aquifer depletion by local farmers Great Pacific Garbage Patch in Pacific

Fishing Laws There are several major laws in place to help protect threatened/endangered species International Laws: CITES 1979 Global Treaty on Migratory Species (Bonn Convention): target to preserve/conserve migratory species through range and across borders 1995 International Convention on Biological Diversity: Reminder that species should be sustainable

US Laws Endangered Species Act of 1973: US Marine Mammal Protection Act: says that one cannot take marine animals out of US water, nor import marine mammals and marine mammal products into the US Dolphins, whales, porpoises, seals, sea lions, walruses, manatees, sea otters, polar bears (covers 217 species) US Whale Conservation and Protection Act of 1976: Protects whale populations due to overexploitation

Due Next Class Only Food Land Calculation Lab It’s on the website if you need an extra copy