Dual Nature of Light Then there was light!.

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Presentation transcript:

Dual Nature of Light Then there was light!

TIMELINE Nature of light- wave or particle? 1600’s Isaac Newton says light consist of tiny particles 1864 Maxwell says light acts like a wave similar to water. 19th century found that each element products a characteristic spectrum of light.

Max Planck used idea of quanta (discrete units of energy to explain hot glowing matter. (1900) (E = hf) Albert Einstein used light as photons to explain the photoelectric effect. (1903) When a photon hits the surface of the metal, it transfers its energy to the electron. Energy of photon vs number of photons. Louis de Broglie discovered that electrons had a dual nature-similar to both particles and waves.(1923)

Heisenberg described atoms by means of formula connected to the frequencies of spectral lines. Proposed Principle of uncertainty-cannot know both the position and velocity of a particle. (1927) Schrödinger viewed electrons as continuous clouds and introduced “wave mechanics” as a mathematical model of the atom. (1930)

Light as a Wave Longitudinal: particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Transverse: particle displacement is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Traveling:wave that moves in time. Standing:occurs in such a manner that there are specific points that appear to be standing still.

Light... Reflects: bounces off an object refracts: pass through one medium to another. Diffracts:changes direction as they pass through an opening or around an obstacle. shows interference

Electomagnetic Spectrum

Continuous spectrum: white light passes through a prism. (rainbow) Bright line spectrum: when elements are heated. Each element has its own spectra or set of fingerprints.

Properties of Waves Wavelength: the distance between successive crest of the wave. Measured in meters. (visible = 400 nm to 750 nm) Frequency: number of peaks that pass a point each second. (Hz= cycle/s) Amplitude: distance from rest to crest. Velocity: distance a peak moves in a unit of time. Speed of light: 3.00 x 108 m/s in a vacuum. C=fλ

Light as a Particle 1600 Isaac Newton says light is a particle Max Planck says excited atoms radiate energy in discrete packets called quanta. Albert Einstein describes the photoelectric effect. When a photon (packet of energy) hits the surface of the metal, it transfers its energy to the electron. There is a discharge of electrons from matter by impact of radiation .

Compton effect: a photon can collide with an electron after the collision, the photon travels at the speed of light.