Lunar Eclipse Lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly behind Earth and into its shadow. This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are aligned exactly or very closely so, with the planet in between. A lunar eclipse can occur only on the night of a full moon.  Draw diagram in notes Sun  Earth  Moon

Solar Eclipse A solar eclipse is a type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth The Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun. This can happen only at new moon when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth in an alignment Draw Diagram Sun  Moon  Earth

Moon Phases Draw Diagram Draw Diagram

Tides The alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of the moon and sun. High Tide: Moon is directly overhead/below Earth Low Tide: Right angle of high tide Neap Tide: a tide just after the first or third quarters of the moon when there is the least difference between high and low water. Spring Tide: a tide just after a new or full moon, when there is the greatest difference between high and low water.

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Earth’s Movement Rotation: The earth rotates around an imaginary line that passes through the North and South Poles of the planet.  This line is called the axis of rotation.  Earth rotates about this axis once each day (approximately 24 hours) Rotation causes DAY AND NIGHT

Earth’s Movement REVOLUTION: REVOLUTION IS THE MOVEMENT OF ONE OBJECT AROUND ANOTHER OBJECT.   Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit: TAKES ONE YEAR OR 365 DAYS The Moon revolves around the Earth in an elliptical orbit. Revolution and the tilt of the Earth CAUSE the SEASONS! REMEMBER: The axis always points to the NORTH STAR When the northern hemisphere is pointing toward the sun its summer

Season’s Northern Hemisphere is pointing away from the Sun: It is Winter here Draw Diagram Southern hemisphere is pointing towards the sun: It is summer here

Galaxies The universe contain billions of galaxies There are three main types of galaxies: Elliptical, Spiral, and Irregular. The universe contain billions of galaxies Galaxies contain billions of stars

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On an ice-covered island in the Arctic, scientists discovered fossils of deciduous trees, such as oak, birch, sycamore, and walnut. Scientists determined that these fossils were formed about 50 million years ago. a. Describe two steps in the process that formed these fossils (after the trees had died). b. Describe what these fossils indicate about the island’s past climate and explain how they indicate this. MCAS Writing EXAMPLE a. In order for fossilization to occur, the tree needed to become buried with no exposure to oxygen. Exposure to oxygen and the outside elements would have caused the tree to decay. As time passes, the tree becomes buried deeper and deeper. What was mud or sand becomes compressed. All the water that was in the tree is pushed out from the weight of the sediment. An impression of the tree is left behind. b. The fossil indicates that the Artic once supported plant life. The environment may have received more direct sunlight which would have made the area warmer. Deciduous trees shed their leaves in the fall so we know that at one point the Artic was experiencing different seasons. Now the Artic is always cold. Plants need water to survive and the Artic is mostly ice. The tree and plants would freeze to death since their cells contain lots of water.

Prompt #1 http://sciencewithmrjones.com/downloads/njask_8/earth's_structure_&_natural_processes _1_-_student.pdf Click the link and respond in a group Each student should have their own paper to turn in 15 Minutes

Writing Prompt #2 Some of the geologic features found on Earth’s surface were caused by the movement of Earth’s crustal plates. a. Name two geologic features found on Earth’s surface that were caused by the movement of crustal plates. b. For each of the features you named in part (a), describe how the movement of crustal plates caused the feature to form on Earth’s surface. 15 Minutes

Prompt #3 http://sciencewithmrjones.com/downloads/njask_8/the_solar_system_1_-_student.pdf

Prompt #4 http://sciencewithmrjones.com/downloads/njask_8/the_solar_system_2_-_student.pdf