Structure & Function of Cells

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Presentation transcript:

Structure & Function of Cells

Cell Theory The cell is the basic unit of living things All organisms are made of cells Cells come only from other cells (left to right) Euglena and E. coli shown on top

Microscopes: Visualizing Cells Compound Light Microscope First compound microscope made by Hans & Zacharias Janssen (circa 1595) Objective lens Has 2 main lenses: eyepiece and ocular lens Eyepiece

Microscopes: Visualizing Cells Today’s compound light microscope; same concept with 2 lenses Objective lenses vary in magnification power

Microscopes: Visualizing Cells Resolving power is the most important factor of a microscope’s ability to view small objects Limited by diffraction Lower diffraction = higher resolution Resolving power: its ability to distinguish the separateness of two objects that are close together Diffraction: scattering of light as it passes through the lens; reduced diffraction increases resolution

Microscopes: Visualizing Cells Adding an oil immersion to light microscopes resolves objects 0.2 μm

Microscopes: Visualizing Cells Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Oil immersion resolves objects to 0.0002 μm Can “see” objects 1000x smaller than light microscope

Microscopes: Visualizing Cells Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)

Types of Cells Prokaryotic (bacteria) Eukaryotic (plant & animal) Both can be between 5 and 50 micrometers (µm)

Prokaryotic Cells Have Lack Cell wall (with peptidoglycan, NOT cellulose) Cell membrane Ribosomes Nuclear area w/ circular loop chromosomes (nucleoid) Often have cilia or flagella Mesosome? Lack Membrane-bound organelles True nucleus

Cell Parts and Functions Mesosome (Prokaryotic only) Invaginations of the plasma membrane Exist only during preparation with chemical fixation (for electron microscopy) Damage during chemical fixation?

Eukaryotic Cells Unicellular Multicellular protists Animal Plant Fungi Unique structures (centriole, lysosomes, more mitochondria) Plant Unique structures: cell wall (w/ cellulose), large vacuole & plastids Fungi Cell wall made of chitin

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