Business & Technology Chapter 11

11.1 (Learning Targets) I can identify the main elements of a computer system. I can describe input devices & processing activities. I can explain computer storage media & output types. Nearly every business uses some type of computer. A computer needs quick, efficient processing to control its operating costs, manage resourdes, & stay competitive. As managers plan & implement computerized activities, they must decide how best to use technology to serve the production & distribution needs of the organization.

Elements of a Computer System Input device Processing Unit Memory & storage Output device These four basic components make up what is called a computer system. The physical elements of a computer system are called the hardware. Examples of computer hardware include keyboards, cameras, microphones, speakers, monitors, chips, & printers. In contrast to hardware, software refers to the instructions that run the computer system. Businesses common use several types of software: including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, & communications programs.

Computer Networks Computers in a business or school that are linked together Organizations link computers together so users can share hardware, software, & data Internet Intranet Computers in businesses & schools are commonly linked together in a computer network. Largest & best-known computer network in the world. Most often used for two activities: exchanging e-mail & accessing the World Wide Web A local computer network is an organization’s private computer network. Smaller version of the Internet. Only members or employees can utilize an intranet. Primarily used to share information. An effective tool for saving time & money for companies.

Input & Processing Input: Getting Started Common Input Devices: Keyboard & Mouse Other examples: Touch-sensitive screens, video game joysticks, microphones Processing: Making Things Happen Takes place in the CPU (Central Processing Unit) program Computer Language Operating system software Application software 2a. control center of the computer 2b. Most common way to give instructions to a computer is with a program. Series of detailed, step-by-step instructions that tell the computer what functions to complete. 2c. The format of a computer program is a computer language. System of letters, words, numbers, & symbols used to communicate with a computer. 2d. Translates commands and allows application programs to interact with the computer’s hardware. Most commonly used operating system is Windows. 2e. Refers to programs that perform specific tasks such as word processing, database management, or accounting.

Commonly used application software Word Processing Desktop Publishing Database Software Spreadsheet Presentation Software An organization’s reports, correspondence, & other information are created with word processing software. Allows the user to enter, store, revise, & print text for letters, memos, reports, or standard business forms. newsletters, brochures, & other publications...includes graphics software to prepare charts, graphs, & other visual elements. organized collection of information with data items related to one another in some way...Using a database increases the chance of reaching potential customers who are likely to buy the product. Program that formats data in columns & rows in order to do calculations...used to prepare payroll records, financial statements, budgets, & other financial documents. Creating slide shows for educational & business seminars...allows a speaker to show text, data, photos, & other visuals.

Memory & Output Memory & Storage: Saving for Later During processing, both the program & any data entered with an input device are stored in memory. Output: Obtaining Results Ex. Results of a test, score on a video game Types of output: Text output Graphics output Audio output Video output Third major component of a computer system is the memory. During processing, both the program and any data entered with an input device are stored in memory. This element is of greatest interest to most people.

11.2 (Learning Targets) I can describe the components of a management information system (MIS). I can identify computer applications in service industries. I can explain the most common e-commerce activities

Management Information Systems coordinated system of processing & reporting information in an organization. Main components: Gathering Data Analyzing Data Storing Data Reporting Data Computer systems & software are essential parts of management information systems. 2a. Government data, customer data, Accounting, Inventory, Sales data 2b. Computer hardware, computer software, data mining, spreadsheets 2c. hard drives, CD/DVD, Flash drives, tape libraries 2d. narrative reports, presentations, e-mail messages, online reports

Components of an MIS (Learning Target) Financial information Production and inventory information Marketing & sales information Human resources information first...the four main components on the previous slide allow an organization to obtain needed information in four main categories… including budgets, sales reports, & financial statements production summaries, lists of tools & supplies, & finished goods reports including data on customer needs, current economic conditions, & actions of competitors including salaries, employee benefit data, & employee evaluations

Data Sources External Data- outside an organization Internal Data- provide input from within the organization. First...the information for an MIS comes from several sources… financial institutions, government agencies, & customers examples: accounting records, inventory information, & company sales figures While gathering raw data may be an easy task, changing these facts & figures into meaningful information is the major goal of an MIS.

The MIS in Action Identify the information needs of the organization Obtain facts, figures, & other data Process, analyze, & organize data in a useful manner Distribute information reports to those who make decisions Update data files as needed The operation of the MIS involves the following steps: (See above) Computer networks are often used in an MIS to distribute information to managers, employees, & others.

Technology in Service Industries (Learning Target) Public service Education Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Health care Telemedicine Financial services smart cards first...More than 60% of workers in the U.S. are employed in service industries. The use of computers in these organizations is extensive. Government agencies use computers to keep records (ex. social security records for all past & present workers in the U.S. and military records for people who have served in the armed forces)...Schools & other agencies can transfer records easily when someone moves to another area of the country. Computers have become vital teaching devices. They make it possible to train & test workers in a range of professions...2a. use of computers to help people learn or improve skills at their own pace. With CAI, students work at a speed that best serves their needs. Computers are widely used in hospitals & other medical facilities. Uses range from keeping patient records to monitoring medications during surgery. 3a. this equipment allows diagnosis by a doctor in a different location. Paying bills online, checking your credit report, & selling stocks & bonds are a few examples. 4a. Plastic cards with a silicon chip that stores such data as your current account balance & credit history. Could serve as a personal record keeper for travel & other expenses

E-Commerce (Learning Target) Conducting business transactions using the Internet or other technology. Most common e-commerce activities: providing product information promoting a company selling online conducting market research making payments obtaining parts & supplies tracking shipments

Types of E-Commerce E-Commerce Matrix Business Seller Consumer Seller Business Buyer B2B C2B Consumer Buyer B2C C2C E-commerce opens up opportunities to companies previously limited by geographic, financial, or political restrictions. B2C (Business to Consumer) = most common model B2B (Business to Business) = online exchanges are the largest & fastest growing segment of e-commerce (Ex. Ford or GM buying parts online from their suppliers) C2B (Consumer to Business) = consumers originate online transactions through price offers to businesses. Allows shoppers to make bids for products & services such as airline tickets & hotels. C2C (Consumer to Consumer) = bartering & auctions...an example is the online company eBay.

Global E-Commerce Internet-based computer systems, along with software that translates information from one language to another, make it possible to do business around the world without leaving your computer.