SOLAR INSTALLATION AND DESIGN: THE DOS AND DON’TS POWER NIGERIA 2017 Engr. Tajudeen Humble Sikiru (PhD) Electrical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Rana World Tech Shop Limited, Kaduna, Nigeria

Essential Steps for Good Solar Systems Accurate Survey data + Good Design + Good Installation + Regular Maintenance = Excellent Solar System 8-Nov-18

Accurate Survey & Design Survey: Location and Load parameters Know your solar installation location Accurately determine the load size 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Accurate Survey & Design Use Google earth to determine roof top space and orientation Alternatively, physically measure and determine available space 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Solar panel) Solar Panel Selection: Monocrystalline Vs Polycrystalline b. What does the data sheet means? c. Beyond the price, what do engineers lookout for? Polycrystalline Monocrystalline 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Solar panel) Manufacturer A Solar Panel Selection: What do engineers lookout for? b. price factor? Manufacturer B 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Solar panel) Manufacturer A Solar Panel Selection: What do engineers look at for? b. price factor? Manufacturer B 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Solar panel) Manufacturer B Manufacturer A 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Inverters and Mppt Charge controllers) Manufacturer B ii. Inverter Selection What is the purpose of technical data sheet? Beyond what the manufacturers claims? Effect of wrong inverter on system performance? Right inverter Vs price? Manufacturer A 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Inverters and Mppt Charge controllers) What is the purpose of technical data sheet? Manufacturer B Manufacturer A 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Inverters and Mppt Charge controllers) The purpose of technical data sheet? Manufacturer B Manufacturer A Effect of wrong inverter on system performance? Premature damage of battery bank Damage of sensitive equipment b. Right inverter Vs price? Application dependent At least know what you are expecting 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Inverters and Mppt Charge controllers) The Effect of Battery Algorithm on Battery Lifespan? Manufacturer B Manufacturer A 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Battery Bank) ii. Critical Questions Before Battery Selection: Question 1 Battery type ?: Maintenance Free Maintenance Required e.g. Gel, AGM e.g. Flooded Question 2 Battery use ?: Low starting current loads High starting current loads e.g. TV, lighting point, home appliances e.g. Air conditioners, induction machines Question 3 Expected period of use (autonomy)? Question 4 Is the number of string less than or equal to 3 per battery bank? 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Battery Bank) Effect of duty cycles on battery life span: Manufacturer B Manufacturer A 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Battery Bank) Effect of temperature on battery life span: 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Solar Design: Critical Component Selection (Battery Bank) battery selection based on capacity: Manufacturer B Manufacturer A 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

SOLAR DESIGN EXAMPLES A 3 bedroom flat has the loads indicated in Table 1, design: A solar solution with 6 hours grid/generator support A solar solution with 12 hours grid/generator support A solar solution totally off grid Power Nigeria 2017 8-Nov-18

SOLAR DESIGN EXAMPLES s/n Description of load Number Power consumption (W) Hours of use (h) Energy consumption (kWh) 1 Television/radio/decoder 4 250 5 2 Fan 75 12 4.5 3 Air conditioner 1400 11.2 Lighting (bulbs) 18 26 5.6 Washing machining 800 2.4 6 Water pump 1200 Total 6.57 kW 31.1 kWh/day Diversity factor =0.65 4.27 kW 20.2 kWh/day 6 hours of grid/generator 5.05 kWh/day 12 hours grid/generator 10.1 kWh/day Power Nigeria 2017 8-Nov-18

SOLAR DESIGN 1 (6 hours of grid/generator support) Location : Abuja 15.15 kWh/day is the minimum power generation from the solar system 50 % Depth Of Discharge (DOD) of battery per day (i.e. Battery bank capacity =30.3 kWh) 1 day autonomy of the battery back up system Design: Assumed all system loses of 15% (AC and DC cables +inverter) In Abuja, 1 kWp solar system will generate 3.8 kWh per day, hence 4kWp solar system must be installed. 265 W panel was selected , then we need 15 number panels The selected panel has Voc = 37.8V, Isc =9.01 A, we use this information to select charge controller, we could select 150V, 60A or 600 V, 80A or 5kW grid tied PV inverter We could select 4.6 kW or 5.5 kW battery inverter Expected battery capacity bank =30.3 kWh The selected inverter is 48 V, DC input, we need 24 number of battery @ C10 ( 2 V, 700 Ah). We could select OPZV 750 , OPZV, 2-770. or We could select an alternative battery that would be max. of 2 string.@ C10 (2V, 350 Ah). But we need 48 numbers of batteries. Power Nigeria 2017 8-Nov-18

SOLAR DESIGN 2 (12 hours of grid/generator support) Location : Abuja 10.1 kWh/day is the minimum power generation from the solar system 50 % Depth Of Discharge (DOD) of battery per day (i.e. Battery bank capacity =20.12kWh) 1 day autonomy of the battery back up system Design: Assumed all system loses of 15% (AC and DC cables +inverter) In Abuja, 1 kWp solar system will generate 3.8 kWh per day, hence 2.65kWp solar system must be installed. 265 W panel was selected , then we need 10 number panels The selected panel has Voc = 37.8V, Isc =9.01 A, we use this information to select charge controller, we could select 150V, 60A or 2.5 kW grid tied PV inverter We could select 4.6 kW or 5.5 kW battery inverter Expected battery capacity bank =20.12kWh The selected inverter is 48 V, DC input, we need 24 number of battery @ C10 ( 2 V, 500 Ah). We could select OPZV 520 , OPZV, 2-500. Or We could select an alternative battery that would be max. of 2 string @ C10 (2V, 250 Ah). But we need 48 numbers of batteries. Power Nigeria 2017 8-Nov-18

SOLAR DESIGN 3 ( totally off grid) Location : Abuja 20.2 kWh/day is the minimum power generation from the solar system 50 % Depth Of Discharge (DOD) of battery per day (i.e. Battery bank capacity = 40.4 kWh) 1 day autonomy of the battery back up system Design: Assumed all system loses of 15% (AC and DC cables +inverter) In Abuja, 1 kWp solar system will generate 3.8 kWh per day, hence 5.3 kWp solar system must be installed. 265 W panel was selected , then we need 20 number panels The selected panel has Voc = 37.8V, Isc =9.01 A, we use this information to select charge controller, we could select 2 number of 150V, 60A or 1 number of 5.3 kW grid tied PV inverter We could select 4.6 kW or 5.5 kW battery inverter Expected battery capacity bank =40.4kWh The selected inverter is 48 V, DC input, we need 24 number of battery @ C10 ( 2 V, 900 Ah). We could select OPZV 1000 , OPZV, 2-1000. or We could select an alternative battery that would be max. of 2 string @ C10 (2V, 500 Ah). But we need 48 numbers of batteries. Power Nigeria 2017 8-Nov-18

Installation: Dos and Don’ts Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Your Safety is Your Responsibility Safety is Everyone’s Responsibility on Site 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Installation: Dos and Don’ts Mounting System & Panel Installation What is the roof integrity? What is the orientation and nature of the roof ? Does wind speed pose a threat? Don’t walk on the panels, you’ll cause micro cracks 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Installation: Dos and Don’ts The danger of bad Solar Panel Installation: Fire Death Electrocution Law suits Equipment damage 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Installation: Dos and Don’ts Inverter and Mppt Charge Controller Installation Inverter must be mounted on a solid Strong wall or metal frame DC cables must be separated from AC cables Communication cables must be separated from power cables Make your installation neat as must as possible 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Installation: Dos and Don’ts Inverter and Mppt Charge Controller Installation Provide the customer with a detailed wiring diagram for ease of maintenance As built diagram must be accurate As built diagram must be simple to read 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Installation: Dos and Don’ts Battery bank Installation Never place tools or metal components on Batteries Ensure that batteries are not mistakenly grounded Never smoke or handle flames near batteries Always use the correct cable size 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Commissioning and Testing Procedures 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Commissioning and Testing Procedures 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Commissioning and Testing Procedures 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

Commissioning and Testing Procedures 8-Nov-18 Power Nigeria 2017

SOLAR INSTALLATION AND DESIGN: THE DOS AND DON’TS THANK YOU FOR LISTENING POWER NIGERIA 2017 Engr. Tajudeen Humble Sikiru (PhD) Electrical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Rana World Tech Shop Limited, Kaduna, Nigeria