predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš

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Presentation transcript:

predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš slemes@mf.unze.ba Računarska grafika predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš slemes@mf.unze.ba

6. Digitalne video kamere Princip rada Osobine digitalnih kamera Mediji za snimanje Format datoteka Bitrate Prenos videa na računar Codec (kompresija videa)

Princip rada digitalne kamere Dva osnovna dijela: Kamera, koja se sastoji od CCD, leća i motora za zumiranje i izoštravanje. VCR (Video Cassete Recorder) za snimanje i reprodukciju videa.

Princip rada digitalne kamere Prvi patent za kamkorder je prijavio američki inovator Jerome Lemelson 1980. Pokušao je patentirati 1977, ali ga je U.S. Patent Office odbio, jer su tvrdili da je ideja pretjerana i da je nikad niko neće moći realizovati. Pored drugih inovacija, Lemelson je izmislio i onovne komponente za VCR, Walkman, bankomat i skener bar-koda.

Osobine digitalnih kamera Rezolucija senzora Kako se video reprodukuje uglavnom na TV-u, rezolucija slike može biti mala, tako da 800 kilopiksela daje sasvim zadovoljavajuću sliku Sa senzorom od 3 megapiksela dobije se slika sa rezolucijom koju većina današnjih monitora ne može prikazati

Osobine digitalnih kamera Rezolucija senzora 256x256 = 65,000 piksela 640x480 (idealno za e-mail ili Web) 1216x912 = 1,109,000 piksela (OK za štampanje) 1600x1200 = 2 megapiksela 2240x1680 = 4 megapiksela 4064x2704 = 11,1 megapiksela 35 mm film ≈ 20 megapiksela

Osobine digitalnih kamera CCD senzor očitava električni naboj. Analog-to-digital konverter (ADC) pretvara vrijednost svakog piksela u digitalnu veličinu mjerenjem količine naboja i pretvaranjem u binarnu formu. CMOS senzori koriste set tranzistora za svaki piksel kako bi pojačali i prenijeli naboj putem većeg broja žica. CMOS signal je digitalni, tako da mu ne treba ADC.

Osobine digitalnih kamera CMOS je osjetljiviji na šum (greške) CMOS troši do 100 x manje struje CCD su se pojavili prije CMOS senzora CMOS ima manju svjetlosnu osjetljivost Svjetlosna osjetljivost senzora je ekvivalentna ISO oznaci filma. Najčešće kamera ima automatsko podešavanje osjetljivosti na ISO 100, 200 ili 400

Mediji za snimanje Video 8 mini DV DAT CD-RW DVD-RW DVD-RAM Hard disk

Format datoteka MPEG1 (Video CD) MPEG2 (SVCD, DVD) AVI Windows Media Video (WMV) Apple Quicktime Real media

Bitrate PAL 720x576 piksela, 25 fps (25 Mbps) NTSC 720x480 piksela, 25 fps (25 Mbps) Web 160x120 piksela, 15 fps (28,8 kbps) Standardne vrijednosti za DivX kompresiju: 25 fps 1500 kbps Poseban codec za audio

Prenos videa na računar USB USB 1.1 – teoretski do 11 megabita/sekundi USB 2.0 - do 480 megabita/sekundi FireWire (IEEE 1394), do 400 megabita/sekundi DVD

Codec (kompresija videa) Algoritam za kompresiju videa Skraćenica compressor/decompressor Hardware ili software koji može kompresovati i dekompresovati audio ili video Automatski download Codec pack Virusi

Codec (kompresija videa) H.261: video telefonija, ITU-T MPEG-1: VCD, 352 x 288, 1150 kbit/s MPEG-2: SVCD, DVD MPEG-4: DivX, XviD, 3ivx, Matroska WMV 7, WMV 8, WMV 9: Microsoft RealVideo: Internet streaming Cinepak: Apple QuickTime.