Title Kevin Email address Sonoma State University 45/50 points (would be 50 if style was correct). Thanks Kevin! Work on style. Some words need capitalization, sentences need work. Overall, awesome presentation! I would like to see you synthesize more—how does the information and data relate to the theories (Conflict )? Or, how might the information be used to make the case for disparity or discrimination? Thanks Kevin Email address Sonoma State University CCJS 375 Race, Crime and Justice

Crack and Pregnancy Jennifer Johnson 23 year old black woman first conviction of exposing baby to crack cocaine. This woman got 15 to 20 years probation from a Florida court. This began a moral panic with 100 women arrested for similar drugs during pregnancy. Many people including Harvard's Randall Kennedy claim this is targeting black women unfairly. They want to protect the unborn child and these women are charged with child abuse. There needs to be this type of charges for all harmful drugs against pregnant women if they want to be fair and just with the punishment and help protect unborn children.

Scottsboro Scottsboro boys were charged with raping 2 white girls these were 9 black boys. This was now thought to be a hoaxed that ruined many lives. 8 of these boys were sentenced to death. Their right to counsel had been denied they claimed in an appeal. Powell vs. Alabama State in Supreme Court due process is required and this includes appointing a counsel for young inexperienced defendants. They were retired and convicted even though one victim recanted herself. The jury was all white and another appeal was asked for because they wanted an impartial jury. The state officials had refused to put African American names on the list which was unconstitutional. They all got retried because the 14th amendment was broken but they soon all got convicted

Minorities and bail and counsel The double jeopardy here means being poor and a minority. Many poor people can’t hire a lawyer and whites satisfy have a much greater chance of hiring a private attorney that blacks. In 1963 with the Gideon vs. wainwright trial this allowed all defendants to have an attorney/counsel supplied by the state if needed. Recently in Williams vs. Taylor in 2000 showed that a defendants counsel could be replaced if not adequately offended. Being poor is a one variable why blacks are much more likely to be sentenced to death in America.

Race and selective prosecutions and offender victim race correlation. In chapter 5 it says that if the victim is white studies show that a black offender will get a much higher charge. also there is evidence that shows selective prosecution for minorities. Blacks have been the target for war on drugs Tonry sas. this actually also includes hispanic as th40 percent of federal drug trafficking were hispanic in district courts. Also a national data showed that whites were most likely to used variety of drugs including PCP and cocaine.

justices on the bench/ diversity in jury Is a all white jury fair for a black defendant? In 1880 The Supreme Court decided on Strauder V West Virginia that court cannot limit jury service to white males this went against fourteenth amendment. this made it illegal to single out colors they said. Delaware got around this by saying too few blacks were intelligent or moral enough to take on this responsibility. to this day there is a struggle for fairness in the courtroom as the Equal Justice Initiative has shown how race still plays a role in the selection of jurors in 2010 such as in Houston Alabama 80 percent of blacks qualify for jury but half of the juries were all white and the remainder had only one african american juror in death penalty cases.

References Please provide references for data charts and quotes and information that is not common knowledge.