Maps and Mapping Never have so many poor maps been made so quickly Types of maps Data types and measurement Symbolization Classification Map scale Map layout

Maps A representation of the earth surface on a flat medium at certain scale A model of spatial patterns of features Selective Classified Generalized: point, line, areas Graphically customized

Types of Maps General purpose maps Thematic maps Where? Topography What A theme

General Purpose Maps

Thematic Maps

Thematic Maps

Map Elements A Map Title: what, where, when Scale Orientation Legend Others

Symbolization Symbols Point Lines Areas

Symbolization Qualitative difference Quantitative difference Different things Landuse, residential, commential Highways, Railways Quantitative difference Essentially same thing, but different in degree Population density Temperature Crime rate Population

Qualitative Differences Different shapes Different patterns Different colors

Quantitative Difference Size of symbol Value of color

Symbolization Points Lines Areas Qualitative Quantitative Shape Color (Hue) Pattern Size Value Points Lines Areas

Choropleth Map

Area Map

Isopleth Map

Bad Choice of Colors

Map Scale Representation Representation fraction (RF): 1:2,500 Graphic scale Verbal scale: one cm on the map represents 25 meters on the ground

Large scale vs. small scale 25,000 100,000 200,000 Smaller

Orientation: North Arrow North arrow appropriate

Orientation North arrow not appropriate

Grid

Classification Equal Interval Natural breaks Quartiles The range of possible values is divided into equal-sized intervals Natural breaks Finding the biggest gap Quartiles Same number of observations in a class Standard deviations Mean and standard deviation Equal area

Natural Break Percentages of Asian Pacific Islanders, 1999

Equal Interval

Quantile