Open Source Software Keenan Zuraiz 03.22.2018

The Idea of Open Source Software What is it? Software that has made its source code available. Typically includes a license that users must read and agree to prior to using or modifying the software. Why? Copyright holders may benefit from open source by user collaboration. Control, transparency, stability.

History 1950s and 1960s Educational Institutions Common to see software and compilers shipped with source code. Educational Institutions Universities made several modifications to source code shipped with software. Openly shared modifications.

Types of Licenses No License Non-software License Creative work that includes source code is under exclusive copyright by default. Non-software License Creative Work Preferred License Data, Media, and Documentation CC0-1.0 CC-BY-4.0 CC-BY-SA-4.0 Fonts SIL Open Font License 1.1

Concerned About Patents Choosing a License Simple & Permissive Concerned About Patents Care About Sharing Improvements

Case Study: Oracle Vs. Google Google acquired Android and negotiated with Sun Microsystems to use Java, but failed to secure a licensing deal. Oracle acquires Sun and files a lawsuit claiming Google infringed 7 patents. Oracle and Google go to court. Google wins. Google’s use of Java’s APIs was fair use. 2005 2006 2010 2011 2012 2014 2016 Google rejects Sun’s offer of a 3 year Java license for $20 million. The USPTO dismisses 5/7 patent allegations. An appeal reversed the court’s decision, stating that an API is copyrightable.

React Open Source Software Created by Facebook. Initial release March 2013 with Apache 2.0 software license Most wanted technology - Stack Overflow survey 2018. React Open Source Software

React initially released Explicit Patent grant License: Apache 2.0 BSD + Patents not compatible with Apache Software Foundation 05.29.2013 10.08.2014 06.17.2017 9.24.2017 Cannot sue Facebook for patent claims. Explicit Patent grant License: BSD + Patents No explicit patent grant License: MIT

Apache 2.0 BSD + Patents MIT ✓ Commercial Use ✓ Private use ✓ Distribution ✓ Modification ✓ Patent Use ? License and Copyright notice ? State changes X Liability X Trademark use X Warranty ✓ Commercial Use ✓ Private use ✓ Distribution ✓ Modification ✓ Patent Use ? License and Copyright notice X Liability X Trademark use X Warranty X Cannot sue Facebook or subsidiaries for patent claim if using React ✓ Commercial Use ✓ Private use ✓ Distribution ✓ Modification ? License and Copyright notice X Liability X Warranty

Conclusion Protect your creative work. Open source software is highly encouraged. Avoid the mishaps of the past by choosing an appropriate open source license. Conclusion