Introduction to Information Systems 1 Introduction to Information Systems 55 Slides

[ LEARNING OBJECTIVES] Identify the reasons why being an informed user of information systems is important in today’s world. Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization. Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. Identify positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. Call on students to read

Why Should I Study Information Systems 1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems The Informed User—You! IT Offers Career Opportunities Managing Information Resources Let’s look at what you stand to gain from taking a class like this one. I would like you to copy three definitions…

Information Technology (IT): any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and to support the information and information-processing needs of an organization. Have student read and all students copy

Information System (IS): collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose. Have student read and all students copy

Informed User: A person knowledgeable about information systems and information technology Have student read and all students copy

The Informed User – You! You benefit more when you understand what is “behind” IT applications You can provide valuable input You can recommend and help select IT Applications You will be aware of new technology You understand how IT improves performance Understanding IT is very beneficial to entrepreneurs. Have students read

IT Offers Career Opportunities IT is vital to modern business providing many lucrative career opportunities Programmers, business analysts, systems analysts, and designers Chief Information Officer (CIO) – executive in charge of the IS function Career opportunities will remain strong in the future Have student read and all students copy CIO: The executive who is in charge of the IS function

Top Job Rankings: Forbes (out of 12) #1 Software Developer #6 Web Developer #8 Database Administrators #12 Information Security Analysts Four of the top 12 jobs that are looking for qualified workers are in the IT Field.

Top Job Rankings: Money #1 Software Architect #8 Database Administrator #11 Clinical Applications Specialist (IT in Healthcare) #14 User Experience Designer #17 IT Program Manager People in this line of work also earn a lot of money

Managing Information Resources Managing Information Resources is difficult and complex because: IS has an enormous strategic value to organizations IS’s are very expensive to acquire, operate, and maintain Evolution of the MIS function within the organization Why are Information Resources so difficult and complex to maintain? Have students read

FIGURE 1.1 MIS provides what users see on their computer screens.

Traditional Function of the MIS Department Managing systems development and systems project management Managing computer operations Staffing, training, and developing IS skills Providing technical services Infrastructure planning, development, and control What does the MIS department of a company do? These are the primary functions and you should copy them. Have students read and copy

New (Consultative) Functions of the MIS Department Initiating and designing specific strategic IS Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce into the business Managing system integration including Internet, Intranets, and Extranets Educating the non-MIS staff about IT Educating the MIS staff about the business In addition to creating and implementing the information systems, the Management Information System People serve as consultants to other people in the company. Have students read and copy

New (Consultative) Functions of the MIS Department Partnering with business-unit executives Managing outsourcing Proactively using business and technical knowledge to seed innovative IT ideas Creating business alliances with business partners Have students read and copy

Overview of Computer- Based Information Systems 1.2 Overview of Computer- Based Information Systems Types of Computer-Based Information Systems Data, Information, Knowledge IT Infrastructure IT Components IT Personnel IT Services Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS): an information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of the its intended tasks.

FIGURE 1.2 Data, Information, and Knowledge. Data Items: facts, pieces of information. Not organized. Information: refers to data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient. Knowledge: consists of data and/or information that (1) has been organized , (2) has been processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise, and (3) it applies to a current business problem. Knowledge

FIGURE 1.3 Computer-based information systems Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS): is made of up of Hardware: Software: Database: Network: Procedures: People:

IT Components Hardware - devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Software Database Network Procedures People Please copy the definitions. Hardware is any physical piece of equipment

IT Components Hardware - devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Software - a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data. Database Network Procedures People Hardware can’t do anything without software

IT Components Hardware - devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Software - a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data. Database - a collection of related files or tables containing data. Network Procedures People Programs and apps have to have data to work on.

IT Components Hardware - devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Software - a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data. Database - a collection of related files or tables containing data. Network - a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources. Procedures People Different computer systems need to be able to talk to each other.

IT Components Hardware - devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Software - a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data. Database - a collection of related files or tables containing data. Network - a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources. Procedures - the instructions for combining the above components to process information and generate the desired output. People Just like you have rules to a game in order to be able to play that game, yo need to have instructions or rules for making sure that we’re all playing the same game.

IT Components Hardware - devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Software - a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data. Database - a collection of related files or tables containing data. Network - a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources. Procedures - the instructions for combining the above components to process information and generate the desired output. People - individuals who use the hardware and software, interface with it, or utilize its output. This is the most expensive IT Component.

Types of Computer-Based Information Systems Major Capabilities of Information Systems Breadth of Support of IS’s Support for Organizational Employees Now people don’t need computers to process data. That’s why we have a brain. But there are certain things that computers can do to help extend the capabilitties of our brains. Let’s look at some of these…

Major Capabilities of Information Systems Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations. Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations. Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access, yet small space. Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information, worldwide. Quickly and Efficiently Interpret vast amounts of data. Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manual tasks. Have students read

Breadth of Support of Information Systems Functional Area Information Systems (FAIS) Accounting Finance Production & Operations Management Marketing HR You need to copy the definition Functional Area Information Systems (FAIS) : a collection of application programs in a single department or functional area.

FIGURE 1.4 IT inside your organization Inside you company, all of these components interact with eachother to give your people the data and the information that they need… This is a good diagram to copy: (Click on the diagram, CTRL C to Copy, CTRL V to paste it into your notes) Going from the bottom up: The IT Components, people and services enable you to process transactions. Those transactions affect the different functions. The way they affect the different functions create patterns or trends of information that the company benefits from.

Two Information Systems support the entire organization: Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) Provide communication among functional area ISs There are two types of information systems that enable your company to function. Please copy these two definitions. Here’s the first one. Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPS): systems are designed to make sure that everyone sees the same information using similar screens

Two Information Systems support the entire organization: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Provide communication among functional area ISs Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Support the “real time” monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s day to day operations Here’s the second… Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): make it possible to monitor, collect, store, and process of data from the organization’s basic business transactions, so that the data stays current.

Interorganizational Information Systems (IOS) Supports many Interorganizational operations Examples of IOS: Supply Chain Management (SCM) Electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems Interorganizational Information systems (IOSs): Information systems that connect two or more organizations. Your company communicates information about it with other companies. Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) Systems: an interorganizational information system that enable organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce, and customers to conduct transactions with businesses, called business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce.

FIGURE 1.5 IS that function among multiple orgs Information systems that function among multiple organizations.

Support for Organizational Employees Clerical Workers – enter data We’re now going to introduce you to some terms and definitions. You’re going to need to copy these… The thing about clerical workers is that they’re becoming extinct. Most of the data being entered today is either being scanned in or read in. EZ Pass, for instance, took the place of a toll collector. We’re not going to pay a human being $15 an hour if to do something if a device can be used to do it for free.

Support for Organizational Employees Clerical Workers – enter data Knowledge Workers - experts in a particular subject area (e.g., financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants.) Knowledge Workers: professional employees that are experts in a particular subject area (e.g., financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants.). In most cases, these are people like you or me.

Support for Organizational Employees Clerical Workers – enter data Knowledge Workers - experts in a particular subject area (e.g., financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants.) Office Automation Systems (OASs): support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers (e.g., word processing and desktop publishing software). Office Automation Systems (OASs): support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers When you use Microsoft Word to write up a report, for instance, you’re using Office Automation

Support for Organizational Employees Clerical Workers – enter data Knowledge Workers - experts in a particular subject area (e.g., financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants.) Office Automation Systems (OASs): support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers (e.g., word processing and desktop publishing software). Business Intelligence (BI) Systems: provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers. Business Intelligence (BI) Systems: provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers. As you go up from Supervisors to Middle managers to Executives, computers become less important in making the actual decision. They just provide the information. A human being makes the actual decision.

Support for Organizational Employees Clerical Workers – enter data Knowledge Workers - experts in a particular subject area (e.g., financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants.) Office Automation Systems (OASs): support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers (e.g., word processing and desktop publishing software). Business Intelligence (BI) Systems: provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers. Expert Systems (ES): attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain. Expert Systems (ES): systems that attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain. If you ever used Turbo Tax to do your taxes, it suggests ways that you can save money on next year’s taxes as you’re typing in the data – just like an expert would tell you

Support for Organizational Employees Clerical Workers – enter data Knowledge Workers - experts in a particular subject area (e.g., financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants.) Office Automation Systems (OASs): support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers (e.g., word processing and desktop publishing software). Business Intelligence (BI) Systems: provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers. Expert Systems (ES): attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain. Dashboards: a special form of IS that support all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports. Dashboards: a special form of IS that support all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports. You ever check your balance on line. You see a deposit or a withdrawal number there. You click on the number and a new screen pops up. It gives you additional information about that deposit or withdrawal. That’s a dashboard.

Support for Organizational Employees Clerical Workers Knowledge Workers Office Automation Systems (OAS) Business Intelligence (BI) Expert Systems (ES) Dashboards (aka Digital Dashboards) Dashboards: a special form of IS that support all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.

Table 1.4 Types of Organizational Information Systems

How Does IT Impact Organizations? 1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations? IT Impacts Entire Industries IT Reduces the Number of Middle Managers IT Changes the Manager’s Job Will IT Eliminate Jobs? IT Impacts Employees at Work Next, we’re going to look at the effects of Information Technology on Organizations and Industries…

How Does IT Impact Organizations? Examples Book Industry Music Industry Video Industry Software Industry Videogame Industry Photography Industry Pick an industry here and give me an example of how it’s been changed by having IT available…

How Does IT Impact Organizations? Examples Marketing Industry Recruiting Industry Financial Services Industry Motion Picture Industry DreamWorks Animation Automobile Industry Agriculture Industry Pick an industry here and give me an example of how it’s been changed by having IT available…

How Does IT Impact Organizations? Examples National Defense Industry Fashion Industry Education Legal Profession Pick an industry here and give me an example of how it’s been changed by having IT available…

IT Reduces the Number of Middle Managers IT makes middle managers more productive Consequently, IT reduces the number of middle managers required Have students read title and bullet points.

IT Changes the Manager’s Job Decision making is the most important managerial task IT changes the way managers make decisions IT provides near-real-time information Managers have less time to make decisions IT provides tools for analysis to assist in decision making Have students read title and bullet points.

Will IT Eliminate Jobs? The competitive advantage of replacing people with IT & machines is increasing rapidly Increasing the use of IT in business also: Creates new job categories Requires more employees with IT knowledge and skills Have students read title and bullet points. It costs a lot of money to develop Information Technology Systems, yet companies are doing it. Why do you think they’re spending all that money to create a phone system to answer telephones rather than have people answer those phones?

IT Impacts Employees at Work IT Impacts Employees’ Health & Safety Job Stress Long-term use of the keyboard & mouse IT Provides Opportunities for People with Disabilities Speech-recognition for employees unable to type due to physical impairment Audible screen tips for employees who are visually impaired

FIGURE 1.6 Ergonomic products protect computer users. Wrist support. Back support. Eye protection filter (optically coated glass). Adjustable foot rest.

Importance of Information Systems to Society 1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society IT Affects Our Quality of Life The Robot Revolution Is Here Now Improvements in Healthcare A few years ago, a lot of politicians started talking about the fact that the economy was growing or recovering. But it was called a jobless recovery? What does that mean? Answer: The value of stock prices was going up on the stock market. Companies were becoming more productive and profitable, but no new people were being hired.

IT Affects Our Quality of Life IT has changed the way we work Smartphones provide constant access to text, email, and voice communications The lines between time at work and leisure time at home have become blurred Surveys indicate employees take laptops and smartphones on vacation Have students read

The Robot Revolution is Here Now Robotics used in Industry: Manufacturing Hospitals Farming operations Have students read

The Robot Revolution is Here Now Robotics used in the Home: Roomba to vacuum our floors Scooba to wash our floors Verro to clean our pools Looj to clean our gutters Have students read What happens every time a robot gets put in place?

Improvements in Healthcare IT used in Healthcare to: Make better/faster diagnoses Monitor critically ill patients more accurately Streamline the process of researching & developing new drugs To enhance the work of radiologists Allow surgeons to use virtual reality to plan complex surgeries & use robots to remotely perform surgery Have students read

Introduction to Information Systems 1 Introduction to Information Systems The End