Obesity and overweight in Kuwait Increased In Kuwait to around 80% of adults Childhood obesity has become an epidemic in Kuwait

What is obesity?

Defined as an excessive amount of adipose tissue or body fat lt Concerned with the distribution of fat throughout the body Defined as having a BMI greater than or equal to 25.0

BODY MASS INDEX BMI : BMI= ____B.W.____ (Hight)2

Body Mass Index Considered BMI Underweight Below 18.5 Healthy weight 18.5 to 24.92 Overweight 25.0 to 29.9 Obese 30 or higher

Fat Cell Development in Obesity Are you pleased with your body weight? Why do people accumulate too much fat? Despite being a country that is preoccupied with body image and weight loss, obesity continues to rise. One of the goals of Healthy People 2010 is to increase the proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight and to reduce the proportion of adults who are obese. This slide shows what we know about fat cells. During growth, fat cells increase in number. When you eat more than you use in energy, the fat cells increase in size. (Fat cells can increase their size by 20-fold.) When the fat cells reach their maximum size, but energy intake continues to be more than energy expenditure, fat cells increase in number again. (Fat cells can increase their number by several thousand-fold.) Then with fat loss, the size of the fat cells shrinks, but not the number. A tip is to not to let your clothes get too tight. The average adult between 25 and 55, gains ½ pound per year. At that rate you would gain 15 pounds and increase your pant size from a size 10 to a 14. (Show glob of fat!) (Show pant sizes!) Reference: Understanding Nutrition, 2002

Risk Factors & Chronic Disease SOME CANCERS ATHEROSCLEROSIS STROKE & HEART ATTACK OBESITY HYPERTENSION Many conditions are themselves risk factors for other chronic diseases. For example: a person with diabetes is at a greater risk of developing heart disease and hypertension. In turn, these conditions worsen each other and may lead to a heart attack or stroke. Can you pick out the common link to all these chronic diseases? Obesity! GALLBLADDER DISEASE DIABETES

Causes of obesity Genetic Environment cultural Behavioral Socioeconomic Psychological Metabolic

Environment Toxic food environment, Include all of the circumstances that we are encounter daily Food availability (restaurant, Fast food restaurant, Convenience storage delivery) Food price High Calories High Fat Toxic environment (physical inactivity)

How is obesity treated?

-food prohibition is not the ideal way for diet.

Reasonable treatment of obesity First prevent further weight gain Reasonable frame time Eating plans Be realistic about Energy intake Emphasize nutritional need Eat small portion Focus on complex CHO Choosing fat sensibly Watch for empty Colaries Drink adequate water

Behavior modification Behavior and attitude Behavior modification Be aware of behavior Change behavior Personal attitude

Danger of weight loss Warning: rapid weight loss may cause serious health problems Some fad diet are hazardous Weight cycling (Yo -Yo)

the wrong diet have bad effect on health and some times it cause death

Physical Activity Activity and energy expenditure Activity and Basal metabolism Activity and body composition Activity and appetite control Activity and psychological benefits Choosing activities

Potential Benefits of Activity Increased self-confidence Easier weight control More energy Less stress and anxiety Improved sleep Healthier appearance Lowered risk of heart disease Stronger bones Lowered risk of diabetes Lowered risk of hypertension Increased quality of life To start off a new activity schedule, choose activities you enjoy and enjoy the activities with someone. Once your body adjusts to your new schedule, you’ll see a variety of benefits. Be sure to check with your physician before beginning any exercise program. (Read slide.)

Aggressive treatment of obesity Drugs Surgery Common postsurgical complication include Infection Nausea Vomiting Dehydration in the long term Vitamin and mineral deficiency Psychological problem

Drugs suppresses appetite (Meridia) It inhabits pancreatic lipase (Xenical) Combinations that both decrease appetite and increase metabolisms Sibutramine Orlistate Other drugs

Underweight Cause Prevention Inadequate calorie intake Long illness Poverty Drug abuse Over training Genetic Prevention Provide hi- calorie diet provide ptn. Intake 100g/d

The healthy food that you need it :

Why do People Overeat?

Conclusion Obesity and stress influenced by psychological, physical, and environmental aspects Obesity and stress are directly related to each other Will continue to cause harm through diseases and emotional aspects if action is not taken

Energy Balance

Body Mass Index