Founding Documents of The United States of America

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Presentation transcript:

Founding Documents of The United States of America The Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Constitution Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence The Basics: Contents of the Declaration: Date: July 4th 1776 Primarily written by Thomas Jefferson Intended audience: The audience were those wanting independence from England. “Preamble” Introduction Protection of our basic rights Principles of the Declaration formal statement of complaint against the King of England Grievances Declaration of Independence from England Conclusion

The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation The Basics: On June 11, 1776, the Second Continental Congress appointed a committee, composed of one representative from each colony, to draft a document forming of a confederation of the 13 colonies Provisions of the Articles A loose confederation of independent states Weak central government

The Articles of Confederation Shortcomings of the Articles Congress could not enact & collect taxes regulate interstate or foreign trade Regardless of population, each state had one vote in Congress Two-thirds majority – 9 out of 13 states needed to agree to pass important laws. Articles could be amended only if all states approved There was no executive branch to enforce the laws of Congress There was no national court system to settle legal disputes There were 13 separate states that lacked national unity

The Constitution

The Constitution The Basics The Great Compromise Constitutional Convention met in 1787 to amend the Articles of Confederation … One of the biggest debates at the Constitutional Convention was over representation populous states wanted proportional representation, and emptier states wanted equal representation. Virginia Plain 1 house Less powerful central government New Jersey Plan Extremely powerful central government The middle ground a Congress (with 2 Senators from each state) and a House of Representatives (with 1 Representative for every 30,000 people). Three-fifths compromise

Federalists v. Anti-Federalists Favored ratification of the Constitution Powerful central government Argued A Bill of Rights was not needed, as federal power was limited Opposed ratification of the Constitution Powerful central government Argued A Bill of Rights was needed to declare and protect the rights of the people

The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights was the first test of the amendment process outlined in Article 5 of the Constitution. The Constitution lays out two ways to amend a document. 2/3rd of both houses, or Conventions in 2/3rd of the states propose an amendment 3/4th of state legislatures or special conventions in each state ratifies the amendment 10 of 12 proposed amendments were ratified on December 15, 1791.