Unit 9: WWII 3.16.16

Agenda Finish Homefront Stations Japanese-American Internment African-Americans in WWII Women in WWII WWII Propaganda Japanese-American Internment Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII? 20 min – move on at 11:05

Timeline Review the major events of Japanese-American internment & talk with a partner: What do you know about Japanese-American internment? What surprises you about the timeline?

Overview Pearl Harbor’s impact on Japanese-Americans In December of 1941… More than 119,000 people of Japanese ancestry lived on the west coast 2/3 of them were American citizens

Overview After the attack on Pearl Harbor… Fears of more attacks and anti- Japanese sentiment increased American propaganda encouraged racist attitudes toward Japanese people

Overview Internment Authorized FDR signed Executive Order #9066 in February of 1942 Empowers the US Army to designate certain areas from which “any or all persons may be excluded” 110,000 Japanese Americans were placed in internment camps

Military areas included the western portion of California, Oregon and Washington, and part of Arizona. Japanese Internment Camp Locations

Overview March 24, 1942 1st Civilian Exclusion Order issued by the army for Bainbridge Island near Seattle King County had 9,600 Japanese-Americans interned 12,892 from Washington state

Bainbridge High School students cut class to bid farewell to classmates. March 1942

Seattle Ferry Landing. People crowded into the overhead walkway to watch internees leave.

Japanese-Americans near trains during Relocation

A second grade classroom in Seattle before and after internment

Overview Washington’s internment camp was at the Puyallup Fair Livestock stalls were converted to barracks

Relocation Center, Puyallup

Relocation Center, Puyallup

Camp Manzanar in California.

Housing at Camp Manzanar

Unit 9: WWII 3.17.16

Why were Japanese-Americans interned during World War II? Today’s Question Why were Japanese-Americans interned during World War II?

Government Newsreel Complete the first part of your graphic organizer while you watch. Created by the US government, 1942 to explain the reasons for & strategies of internment Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII? https://archive.org/details/Japanese1943

Discussion What were some of the reasons offered in the newsreel? How does the newsreel portray internment? Is it positive or negative? Who do you think the audience is for this newsreel?

Primary Sources The Munson Report (Nov.1941) The Crisis (article, 1942) Complete “Round Two” of your graphic organizer

Discussion Do you find these documents more/less trustworthy than the government newsreel? Why? Why is the date of the Munson report important? Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII?

Primary Sources Supreme Court Ruling (1944) Investigation report (1980) Complete “Round Three” of your graphic organizer

Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII? Discussion Which of these documents do you think has a better explanation of Japanese internment? Why? Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII?

Supreme Court Case: Korematsu vs. U.S. In 1944, Korematsu challenged internment before the Supreme Court. Knowingly violated Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34 of the U.S. Army. Arrested and convicted.

The Supreme Court had to decide: Was internment constitutional?

5th Amendment No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

The Government’s Argument (pro-internment) Japanese people could be spies No way to tell loyal from disloyal Japanese people were un-American

Korematsu’s Argument (anti-internment) Targeting people of Japanese ancestry was discrimination based on race – against Constitution Can’t be deprived of life, liberty or property w/o due process

DECISION The Court upheld the order as “protection against espionage and against sabotage” Necessary to protect the country

40 Years Later… The U.S. officially apologized for the internment in the 1980s and paid reparations totaling $1.2 billion. In 1998, President Bill Clinton named Fred Korematsu a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.