W Richards Worthing High School 22/09/2018 Cells W Richards Worthing High School Please note – some of the animation effects used here only work in PP XP

Using a microscope 1. Eyepiece 2. Arm 7. Lenses 6. Stage 22/09/2018 1. Eyepiece 2. Arm 7. Lenses 6. Stage 3. Focus adjustor 5. Mirror 4. Base

Plant cells vs. Animal cells 22/09/2018 Only plant cells have these: Both types of cell have these: 4) 1) 5) 6) 2) 3) Cell wall – provides support Cytoplasm - this is where the reactions happen Nucleus – The “brain” of the cell Chloroplasts – contain chlorophyll Cell Membrane – holds the cell together Large Vacuole – contains sap

Specialised cells 22/09/2018 Consider the root hair cell: It is “suited” to its job of taking in water and nutrients in 2 ways: It has a large surface area It has a thin cell membrane The sperm cell is another example of a specialised cell: Strong tail for swimming Vacuole containing enzymes

More specialised animal cells 22/09/2018 I.D: Function: Features: Red Blood Cell Carries oxygen around the body No nucleus and large surface area White blood cell Egg cell (ovum) Ciliated epithelial cell Nerve cell (neurone)

Cells, tissues, organs and systems 22/09/2018 Basically, all living things are made up of cells… A group of CELLS makes up a TISSUE A group of TISSUES makes up an ORGAN A group of ORGANS makes up a SYSTEM A group of SYSTEMS make up an ORGANISM

Here’s another example in humans: 22/09/2018 Here’s another example in humans: Muscle cells Muscle tissue Organ System Organism

Cell growth 22/09/2018 Animal cells: Plant cells:

Plant reproduction For a plant to reproduce two stages must happen: 22/09/2018 For a plant to reproduce two stages must happen: Stage 1: Pollination – pollen from one plant is taken to another by insects or the wind:

Plant reproduction 22/09/2018 Stage 2: Fertilisation – a pollen tube grows down through the style and the pollen grain (which contains the male sex cell) travels down the tube to fertilise the female egg cell: Ovaries