1. What do all these have in common?

2. What is a specialised Cell?
Plants and animals consist of many cells and so are known as multicellular
They contain many different types of cells.
Each type of cell is designed to carry out a particular job or function.
This is known as cell specialism
Not all cells look the same.
Some cells have a special shape and features to help them do a certain job.

3. Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope
Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope? How does its shape and structure help with its function?

4. Sperm cell
Head contains enzymes & nucleus
Designed to fertilise egg cell. It carries half the genetic information/chromosomes from the father
Found in the Testes
Tail
A sperm is small and has a long tail that provides movement so it can swim and find an egg cell.
The head contains enzymes which break through (digest) the cell membrane of the egg.

5. Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope
Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope? How does its shape and structure help with its function?

6. Egg (Ovum) Cell Designed to be Fertilised. Found in the Ovaries.
Large target for sperm cell
To swim into.
Contains yolk which provides a large food store (nourishment) for the new embryo until it is implanted.
Cytoplasm containing yolk
Layer of jelly
Nucleus

7. Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope
Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope? How does its shape and structure help with its function?

8. Ciliated Epithelial Cell
They have tiny hairs called cilia
Cilia are tiny hairs which beat
Cells that have cilia can be found in all the air passages in the lungs i.e. trachea (windpipe) and brochioles or oviduct/ fallopian tube
The cilia in the air passages waft mucus containing dust and bacteria from the lungs towards the mouth where it is swallowed. The cilia in the oviduct waft the egg towards the uterus .
Nucleus
cilia

9. Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope
Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope? How does its shape and structure help with its function?

10. Nerve Cell (neurone) They are long They have connections at each end
Nucleus
They are long
They have connections at each end
Can carry electrical signals or information
Their job is to carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body.

11. Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope
Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope? How does its shape and structure help with its function?

12. Red Blood Cell Designed to carry oxygen Found in blood.
Large surface area, for oxygen to pass through.
Contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen.
Has no nucleus

13. Specialized cells in a plant18
cells which keep
leaf in shape
cells which absorb
sunlight and make
Food –Palisade cells
cells which carry
food and water
cells which control
entry and exit of air
and water vapour
The 3D drawing shows a transverse section through a leaf in the region of the midrib. On the right a ‘vein’ is cut in longitudinal section to show the elongated cells which carry food and water. The main ‘vein’ in the midrib appears as a transverse section.
The outer cells form the epidermis which keeps the leaf in shape and reduces water loss. The tall cells in the top layer are called palisade cells and contain many chloroplasts. Most photosynthesis occurs here. The loosely packed cells in the lower layer allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to pass in and out of the leaf.
The diagram is simplified; there would be many more cells than shown here.
The diagram represents part of a leaf, magnified and cut across to
show how the specialized cells make up the structure

14. Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope
Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope? How does its shape and structure help with its function?

15. Palisade Cell Designed for Photosynthesis Found in the top of a leaf
Tall and has a large surface area to absorb light and carbon dioxide.
Packed with chloroplasts containing chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight to help make plant food.
Nucleus
Chloroplasts

16. Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope
Do you recognise this cell seen under an electron microscope? How does its shape and structure help with its function?

17. Root Hair Cell
Thin cell wall makes it easy for water and minerals to enter the cell.
Designed increasing the surface area of the root for absorbing
water and minerals from the soil.
Vacuole
thin cell wall
The thin root hair increases the surface area of the cell which helps it absorb water and minerals.
Cell membrane
Found in a plant root.

18. adapted move muscle tissue
Copy and fill in the gaps:
Some cells have special jobs to do. They often have special shapes to help them do their job. We say that these cells are _________________ to do their jobs.
A group of the same type of cells, all working together, is called a _________________ .
A group of muscle cells all grouped together is called _________________ . Muscle cells help us to _________________ .
adapted move muscle tissue