Fertilizers and Population

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nitrogen, Carbon-Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Advertisements

Cycles of Matter Organisms are mainly composed of C, H, O & N

What is the Nitrogen cycle The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the transformations of nitrogen and nitrogen- containing compounds.

CYCLES OF MATTER The Water Cycle Nutrient Cycles The Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle.

Cycles of Matter Unlike the one-way flow of energy,

run-off absorption decomposition Cycling of Matter transpiration The water cycle.

Ammonia In Nitrogen By: Evelyn Juarez. Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonium.

ECOSYSTEM RECYCLING Material Cycles. As energy & matter move through ecosystem matter must be recycle and reused Types of Cycle 1. Carbon & Oxygen Cycles.

Nutrient Cycling Biogeochemical Cycles Energy vs. Matter  Energy flows throughout an ecosystem in ONE direction from the sun to autotrophs to heterotrophs.

 Anchor: BIO.B.4.2 Describe interactions & relationships in an ecosystem ◦ BIO.4.2.3: Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem.

Cycles of Matter Unlike the one-way flow of energy, matter is ______________.

Nitrogen Cycle. Nitrogen Most abundant element in the atmosphere 78% of the air we breathe is N ₂.

Cycles of Matter In an Hour or Less!!!!. Recycling in the Biosphere  Unlike the one-way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.

THE NITROGEN CYCLE. Importance of Nitrogen in amino acids (building blocks of proteins) in nucleic acids (ex. DNA)

Nitrogen Cycle.

NITROGEN CYCLE. Nitrogen Cycle  All organisms use nitrogen in DNA and Proteins  Most abundant form element in atmosphere  Forms of Nitrogen:  NH 4.

NITROGEN CYCLE. What does this have to do with me?

Nutrient Cycling 3.3. Energy vs. Matter  Energy flows throughout an ecosystem in ONE direction from the sun to autotrophs to heterotrophs  Matter is.

The Nitrogen Cycle An essential part of proteins, DNA and other compounds needed for life…

Energy and matter in ecosystems Energy flows and materials cycle.

III. Cycles of Matter *While energy is crucial to an ecosystem, all organisms need water, minerals, and other life-sustaining compounds to survive. In.

CYCLES OF MATTER NATURAL WORLD. Objectives Describe how matter cycles between the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Explain why nutrients are.

Background All life requires Nitrogen 79% of the air is N2 Proteins

Cycles of Matter All organisms need 4 essential elements: Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen.

Cody Guenzler, Period 3 Nitrogen Fixation Conversion of Nitrogen Assimilation Ammonification Nitrification Denitrification.

3.4 Cycles of Matter. POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling POINT > Identify mechanisms of cycling POINT > Describe the water cycle POINT >

The Carbon Cycle 4 kinds of processes involved in the carbon cycle Geochemical – volcanoes releasing carbon – Biological processes – photosynthesis, respiration,

Ecosystem Cycles: Carbon Part 2. The Carbon Cycle 1. Every organic molecule contains the element carbon. A. Carbon and oxygen form carbon dioxide gas.

Ecosystems Matter is Recycled

What is nitrogen?. What is nitrogen? Nitrogen is in the Nonmetals Group Periodic Table.

The Nitrogen Cycle.

Ecology 4.3 Notes.

Biogeochemical (Nutrient) Cycles

The Nitrogen Cycle Chapter 16.3.

I. Recycling in the Biosphere

3.4 Cycles of Matter Ecology.

NITROGEN CYCLE.

Cycles in Nature Spring 2017.

What is Nitrogen? Nitrogen makes up about 78% of our atmosphere.

What is Nitrogen? Nitrogen makes up about 78% of our atmosphere.

How Matter and Nutrients Cycle

The Water Cycle Water cycles between the oceans, atmosphere and land. All living organisms require water. A. Water enters the atmosphere as water vapor,

Cycling of Matter and Nutrient Cycles

The Carbon Cycle 1. Every organic molecule contains the element carbon. A. Carbon and oxygen form carbon dioxide gas (CO2), an important component of.

Unit 2: Ecology 2.2 Cycles of Matter.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3

Nitrogen Cycle -many elements, including nitrogen, are recycled back and forth between organisms and their environments -nitrogen is necessary for life.

Systems & Interactions in Nature

12/12/2009 The Nitrogen Cycle.

Cycles of Matter.

Cycles in Nature Spring 2018.

When you finish your quiz…turn it in and Pick up a CYCLES PACKET

The nutrient cycle The process of recycling substance necessary for life. It includes: The carbon cycle The nitrogen cycle The phosphorous cycle The water.

The Carbon Cycle & The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle.

3-3 Cycles of Matter.

Cycles of matter.

3-3 Cycles of Matter.

The Water Cycle Water cycles between the oceans, atmosphere and land. All living organisms require water. A. Water enters the atmosphere as water vapor,

12/12/2009 The Nitrogen Cycle.

The Water Cycle Water cycles between the oceans, atmosphere and land. All living organisms require water. A. Water enters the atmosphere as water vapor,

The Water Cycle Water cycles between the oceans, atmosphere and land. All living organisms require water. A. Water enters the atmosphere as water vapor,

What is Nitrogen? Nitrogen makes up about 78% of our atmosphere.

Nutrient Cycling Matter cannot be replenished like the energy from sunlight. Matter must be recycled.

The Cycling of Matter Energy flows in one direction starting as solar radiation and finally leaving as heat Nutrients Cycle! Absorbed by organisms from.

The Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle

Presentation transcript:

Fertilizers and Population Influencing the Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen and Plants Plants need nitrogen Proteins Nucleic Acids Plants can not use non-reactive nitrogen from the atmosphere N2 Plants can use reactive nitrogen from the soil NO3– (nitrate) NO2– (nitrite) Lots of atmospheric N2 Reactive soil N is limited

Nitrogen and Farms In a natural ecosystem (ie. a redwood forest), N is recycled when plants/animals die In a managed agricultural system (ie. a wheat farm), N is taken away when the crop is harvested Soil N must be replenished Crop rotation Compost/manure Artificial fertilizers

Fertilizer as Agricultural Input Fertilization allows for increased yields (kg food/acre) 200-300 lb/acre $100-$300/acre Not all fertilizer is used by the plants

Fertilizer as an Agricultural Input Both fertilizer use and agricultural yield/production have increased over the past 50 years

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle How does N go from atmosphere (non-reactive) to soil (reactive)? Lightning Biological fixation by symbiotic bacteria Industrial fixation (fertilizers) How does N go from biosphere – plants and animals – to the soil? Decomposition Wastes (urine and feces)

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Artificial Fertilizers Process developed by Haber and Bosch in early 20th century Uses N from atmosphere and H from methane to make ammonia (NH3) Requires lots of energy to generate heat and pressure

Haber-Bosch Process Nitrogen From air 400-450º C 200 atmospheres Iron catalyst Liquid Ammonia (NH3) Hydrogen from methane (natural gas) or petroleum What will run out first – nitrogen, hydrogen or the energy for heat/pressure?

Artificial v. Natural Artificial/Industrial Produced rapidly and in large quantities N is in form readily available to plants N levels are high and can be adjusted Fossil fuel intensive (both matter and energy) Natural Uses plants (compost) + animal wastes (manure) Process is slow N must be broken down to be available to plants N levels are lower than artificial fertilizers Does not require energy inputs/fossil fuels

The Questions Is human manipulation of the global nitrogen cycle good or bad? Pros: increased crop yields, increased food, increased profits Cons: impacts on soil, water and air Are increased crop yields worth the environmental costs? What evidence would inform this decision? Is the use of industrial fertilizers sustainable? If so, for how long? What evidence would inform this? Are there alternatives to industrial fertilizers? Are these alternatives more sustainable? What evidence would inform this?