Pick up a Help Hector packet from the front table! April 4, 2008 Pick up a Help Hector packet from the front table! Objective: After instructions on how a Roman Republic works the students will be able simulate on of their own using Plebian concerns. Helping our Hero Hector! Homework: Finish your Roman Culture packet for Monday

The Growth and Expansion The Roman Republic The Growth and Expansion

Key Topic: The Roman Republic Main Idea # 1 : How the original Republic was formed Main Idea # 2 : Rome’s republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy nobles and regular citizens. Main Idea # 3 : How the Roman Republic works

Main Idea # 1 How the original Republic was formed

Main Idea # 1 1. Who ruled Rome before the Romans? The Etruscans (Tarquins) . 2. What type of rulers were the Etruscans? CRUEL 3. Romans rebel in 509 B.C.E. 4. Create a Republic 5. Republic = form of government where citizens have the power.

Main Idea # 1 Make a timeline with these events 509 B.C.E. Rome = small city. Slowly expands. 338 B.C.E. defeat the other Latins 284 B.C.E. defeat Etruscans 267 B.C.E. defeat the Greeks The Republic is growing!

Main Idea # 1 1. How did the Romans take over Italy? By force 2. How did they keep those people they conquered under their control Made them citizens able to take part in the government OR Made them allies with their own government, but they had to pay taxes and supply an army to Rome

Main Idea # 2 Rome’s republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy nobles and regular citizens. Patricians VS Plebeians

Main Idea # 2 Patricians Plebeians Slaves

Main Idea # 2 Patricians Plebeians Majority of the population Wealthy land owners Nobles that made up the ruling class Citizens (male)– could vote, pay taxes, serve in the army Could not marry a Plebian Could serve in government Plebeians Majority of the population Artisans, shopkeepers, small farm owners Citizens (male)– could vote, pay taxes, serve in army Could not marry a Patrician Could NOT serve in government

Main Idea # 3 How the Roman Republic works

Main Idea # 3 Consuls Senate Praetors Tribunes

Main Idea # 3 Consuls Top government official Two chosen every year Headed the army and ran the government Served short term….avoided risk of abusing power Veto The right of the consul to reject the other’s decision. Latin for “I forbid”

Main Idea # 3 Senate 300 men Chosen for life Advise Consul Deal with other countries Proposes laws Approve public works Deal with daily government problems

Main Idea # 3 Praetors Government officials Interpreted law and judged court cases Kept tax records Handled public finances Supervised public festivals

First steps towards democracy in Rome! Main Idea # 3 Tribunes Elected by all citizens (Plebians have a large majority so they really elect the official) Bring Plebian concerns to the government Right to veto actions taken by the government First steps towards democracy in Rome!

Main Idea # 3 Keeping it Fair! How do you know what a law says? How do you know how someone should be punished if they do something wrong? Draco of Greece was the first person to do this! Write the laws down so the patricians couldn’t be unfair to the plebians!!!!

Main Idea # 3 Keeping it Fair! 451 BCE The Twelve Tablets were made on bronze tablets Where would you put them in Rome so everyone (both rich and poor) could see them? The forum (marketplace)

Main Idea # 3 Keeping it Fair! Finish these sentences…. Innocent until_____________________. Proven guilty You have the right to _____________ in court. Attorney &/or silent Laws of Nations – laws to settle disputes between all people Do we still use this today???

Main Idea # 3 Keeping it Fair! Is it fair to punish one person for stealing but not another person? Why or why not? Rule of Law – the idea that all laws should apply to every person equally and all people should be treated the same by the legal system We base all our laws today off of this idea made by the Romans!

Roman Law Influence to the West Roman’s Lasting Legacy Equal treatment under the law Innocent until proven guilty The burden of proof rests with the accuser Unreasonable or unfair laws could be set aside

Main Idea # 3 Keeping it Fair! 5 Key Principles of Roman Law Fostered unity & stability Included two systems of laws: civil law for Roman citizens, & the law of nations, which Romans believed applied to all people because it was based on laws of nature The accused had the right to face the accuser & offer a defense against the charge Guilt had to be established “clearer than daylight” through evidence “person was innocent until proven guilty” Judges were allowed to interpret the laws & were expected to make fair decisions