Monday, October 17th Entry Task What do strip mining, open-pit mining, and deep mining have in common? Schedule: Chapter 2 Review Chapter 2 Quiz Objective I will demonstrate my understanding of Chapter 2, Minerals Homework: Read pages 82-87 Keep your glossary up to date! Please have on desk: Entry task brochure & Chapter 2 review

Tuesday, October 18th Entry Task Write down 2 ways you can improve your next quiz grade Schedule: Quiz error analysis Bill Nye “Rocks” Objective: I can correct my Chapter 2 quiz errors and learn from my mistakes Homework No homework Please have on desk: Entry task brochure, textbook, ISN

Wednesday, October 19th Entry Task From your reading, what are the two types of igneous rock? Schedule: Igneous Rocks Objective: I can describe how igneous rocks are formed Homework: Re-read 3.2 3.2 RSG Please have on desk: ISN, entry task brochure

ROCKS A Rock is a naturally formed solid that is usually made up of one or more types of minerals

ROCKS vs. Minerals Rocks 1.Proportions of minerals vary 2. Minerals can be jumbled together 3.None to 1 or more minerals can be present Minerals Is the same elements in the same proportions There is an orderly crystal structure

Examples of Rocks Rocks with no minerals 1 or more minerals OBSIDIAN – glass like and does not have a crystal structure COAL- is made of dead plants LIMESTONE- can be made entirely of calcite GABBRO- made of several types of minerals

Our world is built of rocks Rock is so common and has many purposes They last a long time Building houses and skyscrapers Sources of metal like iron aluminum and copper Carvings of statues and art Pavement on roads and highways Ancient structures, monuments and sculptures were made from rock Great wall of china Pyramids in Egypt Mount Rushmore

IGNEOUS ROCKS Rocks that form when molten (melted) rock cools and becomes a solid Temperatures deep within the Earth are so hot (1400 °F- 2300 °F) that rock will melt MAGMA LAVA Molten Rock that is below the surface of the Earth When magma reaches the surface of the Earth it is called Lava

1. Composition Igneous rocks are classified by how much silica content they have Igneous rocks are mostly made of silicate minerals (silica and oxygen) Color will give you a good estimate of the amount of Silica HIGH LEVELS OF SILICA LOW LEVELS OF SILICA Color= Light Color= Dark GRANITE BASALT RHYOLITE GABBRO

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK 2. Origins of Igneous rocks Magma and Lava form different types of igneous rocks INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK One that forms when magma cools within the Earth (INside) Granite same composition Same composition Gabbro One that forms when lava cools on Earth surface (EXterior) Rhyolite Pumice Basalt

Intrusive- Stay below the Earth Extrusive- At the surface 3.TEXTURE- the size of its mineral crystals -Depends on how fast the magma or lava cool Intrusive- Stay below the Earth Extrusive- At the surface LARGE CRYSTALS FORM FROM MAGMA The interior is very hot High temperature allows for slow cooling Slow cooling allows time for LARGE CRYSTALS SMALL CRYSTALS FORM FROM LAVA The surface is cooler than inside Earth Low temperatures cause lava to cool fast There is no time for large crystals to form

ROCK FORMATIONS Igneous rocks make long-lasting landforms INTRUSIVE ROCK FORMATIONS EXTRUSIVE ROCK FORMATIONS Magma can slowly cool inside a volcano. Over time, wind and water can wear away surrounding rock to expose the intrusive rock. These landforms are harder and longer lasting than other types of rocks Lava erupts in different ways 1. low silica lava, like basalt, flows easy in thin layers (Hawaii, Columbia Plateau) 2. High silica lava builds steep cone shaped volcanoes and erupt explosively (Mt. St. Helens)

Devils rock and Ship rock Are examples of Intrusive Rock Formations

Low Silica lava flow form extrusive rock formation in thin layers HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Thursday, October 20th Entry Task What are the two major properties used to classify igneous rocks? Schedule: Sedimentary Rocks Objective: I can understand that sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks Homework: Re-read section 3.3 3.3 RSG Please have on desk: ISN open to 3.2 RSG

3.3 Sedimentary Rocks Some rocks form from rock particles Most sedimentary rocks form from loose material that gets pressed together. Sediments are materials that settle out of water or air. Sediments can be loose pieces of rocks and minerals or even plant and animal remains.

Types of Sedimentary Rock Made of other rock particles, classified by particles size. Big particles (pebbles and bigger) conglomerate, puddingstone Smaller particles – sandstone, shale, mudstone. Made of plants or shells Plants (formed in swamps) coal Shells (dissolved or not) limestone, chalk

Friday, October 21st Entry Task What types of materials can make up sediments? Schedule: Metamorphic Rocks Objective: I can describe and classify metamorphic rocks Homework: Re-read section 3.4 3.4 RSG Please have on desk: ISN open to 3.3 RSG

3.4 Metamorphic Rock Heat and Pressure can change a rock Because pressure and temperature increase with depth, rocks change more when they are buried deeper in the crust. The deeper the rock, the more heat and pressure it is exposed to, the more it changes.

Foliated vs. Nonfoliated Rocks Foliation is an arrangement of minerals in flat or wavy parallel bands. Foliation occurs when rocks are under pressure. Rock must contain more than one type of mineral. Nonfoliated rocks occur when heat and pressure are applied to rocks that contain only one kind of mineral Limestone becomes Marble

Foliated vs. Nonfoliated Rocks