Monday, October 30th Schedule: ISN 58: Rock introduction ISN 59: Igneous Rocks Objective: I can describe how igneous rocks are formed Homework: Complete ISN 58, 59 Read pages 89 to 95 Please have on desk: ISN, agenda, pencil

What is a rock? A rock is a naturally formed solid that is usually made up of one or more types of minerals

Rocks vs. Minerals Rocks 1.Proportions of minerals vary 2. Minerals can be jumbled together 3.None to 1 or more minerals can be present Minerals Is the same elements in the same proportions There is an orderly crystal structure

Examples of Rocks Rocks with no minerals 1 or more minerals OBSIDIAN – glass like and does not have a crystal structure COAL- is made of dead plants LIMESTONE- can be made entirely of calcite GABBRO- made of several types of minerals

Our world is built of rocks Rock is so common and has many purposes They last a long time Building houses and skyscrapers Sources of metal like iron aluminum and copper Carvings of statues and art Pavement on roads and highways Ancient structures, monuments and sculptures were made from rock Great wall of china Pyramids in Egypt Mount Rushmore

IGNEOUS ROCKS Rocks that form when molten (melted) rock cools and becomes a solid Temperatures deep within the Earth are so hot (1400 °F- 2300 °F) that rock will melt MAGMA LAVA Molten Rock that is below the surface of the Earth When magma reaches the surface of the Earth it is called Lava

1. Composition Igneous rocks are classified by how much silica content they have Igneous rocks are mostly made of silicate minerals (silica and oxygen) Color will give you a good estimate of the amount of Silica HIGH LEVELS OF SILICA LOW LEVELS OF SILICA Color= Light Color= Dark GRANITE BASALT RHYOLITE GABBRO

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK 2. Origins of Igneous rocks Magma and Lava form different types of igneous rocks INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK One that forms when magma cools within the Earth (INside) Granite same composition Same composition Gabbro One that forms when lava cools on Earth surface (EXterior) Rhyolite Pumice Basalt

Intrusive- Stay below the Earth Extrusive- At the surface 3.TEXTURE- the size of its mineral crystals -Depends on how fast the magma or lava cool Intrusive- Stay below the Earth Extrusive- At the surface LARGE CRYSTALS FORM FROM MAGMA The interior is very hot High temperature allows for slow cooling Slow cooling allows time for LARGE CRYSTALS SMALL CRYSTALS FORM FROM LAVA The surface is cooler than inside Earth Low temperatures cause lava to cool fast There is no time for large crystals to form

ROCK FORMATIONS Igneous rocks make long-lasting landforms INTRUSIVE ROCK FORMATIONS EXTRUSIVE ROCK FORMATIONS Magma can slowly cool inside a volcano. Over time, wind and water can wear away surrounding rock to expose the intrusive rock. These landforms are harder and longer lasting than other types of rocks Lava erupts in different ways 1. low silica lava, like basalt, flows easy in thin layers (Hawaii, Columbia Plateau) 2. High silica lava builds steep cone shaped volcanoes and erupt explosively (Mt. St. Helens)

Devils rock and Ship rock Are examples of Intrusive Rock Formations

Low Silica lava flow form extrusive rock formation in thin layers HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Tuesday, October 31st Schedule: ISN 60: Sedimentary rock notes ISN 61: 3.3 RSG Objective: I can understand that sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks Homework: Read pages 96 to 101 Complete ISN 60, 61 Please have on desk: ISN, agenda, pencil

3.3 Sedimentary Rocks Some rocks form from rock particles Most sedimentary rocks form from loose material that gets pressed together. Sediments are materials that settle out of water or air. Sediments can be loose pieces of rocks and minerals or even plant and animal remains.

Types of Sedimentary Rock Made of other rock particles, classified by particles size. Big particles (pebbles and bigger) conglomerate, puddingstone Smaller particles – sandstone, shale, mudstone. Made of plants or shells Plants (formed in swamps) coal Shells (dissolved or not) limestone, chalk

Wednesday, November 1st Schedule: ISN 62: Metamorphic rock notes ISN 63: 3.4 RSG Objective: I can describe and classify metamorphic rocks Homework: Complete ISN 62, 63 Please have on desk: ISN, agenda, pencil

3.4 Metamorphic Rock Heat and Pressure can change a rock Because pressure and temperature increase with depth, rocks change more when they are buried deeper in the crust. The deeper the rock, the more heat and pressure it is exposed to, the more it changes.

Foliated vs. Nonfoliated Rocks Foliation is an arrangement of minerals in flat or wavy parallel bands. Foliation occurs when rocks are under pressure. Rock must contain more than one type of mineral. Nonfoliated rocks occur when heat and pressure are applied to rocks that contain only one kind of mineral Limestone becomes Marble

Foliated vs. Nonfoliated Rocks

Thursday, November 2nd Schedule: ISN 64: Rock classification lab Objective: I can identify a rock as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic Homework Complete activity What kind of rock is this? Please have on desk: ISN, agenda, pencil

Friday, November 3rd Schedule: ISN 65: The Rock Cycle Objective: I can describe the processes of the rock cycle Homework Complete ISN 65 Please have on desk: ISN, agenda, pencil