Sound Waves.

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Presentation transcript:

Sound Waves

Wave Review Two main types of waves Transverse Compression/Longitudinal

Sound Waves Sound waves are compression (longitudinal) waves Sound is produced when matter vibrates

Sound Waves Compression: Region of waves where particles are close together Rarefaction: Region where the particles are spread out

Sound Waves By drawing a wave with crests in compression regions and troughs in rarefaction regions, we can get info about the wavelength of a sound wave.

Sound Waves - Speed Sound waves need a medium to travel through Can sound travel in a vacuum? The speed of sound waves depends on The density of the medium The temperature

Sound Waves - Speed Sound waves travel fastest … In more dense material At higher temperatures

Sound Waves - Speed

Properties of Sound - Pitch Pitch: Highness or lowness of a sound Depends on the frequency of the wave High frequency = high pitch Low frequency = low pitch

Properties of Sound - Pitch Ultrasonic: frequency > 20,000 Hz Infrasonic: frequency < 20 Hz

Properties of Sound - Pitch Human hearing range 20-20,000 Hz Maximum frequencies Dogs = 35,000 Hz Cats = 65,000 Hz Dolphin = 150,000 Hz

Properties of Sound - Intensity Intensity: Loudness Related to the amplitude of a wave Larger amplitude = higher intensity = louder Unit is decibels (dB)

Properties of Sound - Intensity

Sound - Music vs. Noise Music: has rhythm, definite pitch, pleasing quality Noise: No identifiable pitch, no pleasing quality

Sound – Doppler Effect Change in wave frequency caused by a moving wave source Moving toward you - pitch sounds higher Moving away from you - pitch sounds lower

Sound - Uses Echolocation: used to locate objects by emitting sounds and interpreting sound waves that are reflected back

Sound - Uses SONAR (SOund Navigation And Ranging) Used by boats like echolocation is used by bats Sonar measures the time delay to determine distance

Sound - Uses Ultrasound: uses reflected sound waves to create images of internal structures.

Sound - Uses Ultrasonic treatments: use high frequency sound waves to break up kidney stones and gallstones with vibrations.

How Humans Hear Sound wave enters ear canal Vibrates the ear drum Amplified by bones Converted to nerve impulses in cochlea

How Humans Hear