AUSTRALIJA.

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Presentation transcript:

AUSTRALIJA

Geografski položaj i regije Australija je najmanji kontinent po površini i broju stanovnika. Otkrivena 1606. ( Nizozemci ) Smještena je između Indijskog i Tihog okeana; Obuhvata kopno Australije,ostrvo Tasmaniju i nekoliko manjih okolnih ostrva. Naziv potiče od Terra Australis-Južna Zemlja. Obala je slabo razuđena. Klima je tropska,suptropska i stepsko-pustinjska, sa malo padavina. Sastoji se od osam država:New South Wales, Victoria Queensland, Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory.

Reljefne cjeline: Istočnoaustralijske planine ( Australijske Alpe, razvodne palnine ) Istočni rub Australije Sjever-jug 3000 km U južnom dijelu se nalazi Mt.Košćuško 2228m (najniža tačka je jezero Eyre -16m ) Srednjoaustralijska nizija Zapadnoaustralijska površ ( štit ). Velike visoravni, niske planine i pustinje ( Velika pješćana, Gibsonova i velika Viktorijina pustinja )

Životinjski svijet Životinjski svijet Australije je veoma raznovrstan. Zaštitni znak Australije je kengur koji je zaštićen i zakonom. Pored njega, tu su još i pas dingo, mravojed, koala, beli orao, crni labud, emu, kazuar, papagaji itd.

Životinjski svijet

Zanimljivosti Australija je prvi svjetski izvoznik vune,ovcijeg i jagnjeceg mesa i cetvrti izvoznik psenice. Travne oblasti i pašnjaci pokrivaju gotovo polovinu teritorije Australije i predstavljaju prirodnu osnovu za stocarstvo. Gustina naseljenosti stanovnistva je mala i iznosi 3 st. po kilometru kvadratnom. Zakonskim mjerama je 1901. zabranjeno useljavanje Japanaca i Kineza. U gradovima živi osamdest posto stanovnika.

Veliki gradovi  Glavni grad Australije je Kanbera sa preko 300.000 stanovnika. Najveci grad je Sidnej sa 3.9 miliona stanovnika,zatim slijede: Melburn sa 3.3 miliona, Brizbejn sa 1.9 miliona, Pert sa 1.9 miliona, itd.

Stanovnistvo Gotovo cjelokupno stanovništvo izuzev oko 140.000 starosjedilaca Aboridžina, su doseljenici i potomci doseljenika. Do Drugog svjetskog rata u ogromnoj vecini sa Britanskih ostrva,od 1946. i iz drugih evropskih zemalja,a u novije vreme i iz Azije. Nepismeno je manje od jedan posto stanovnistva-uglavnom starosjedioci.

Privreda Do kraja Drugog svjetskog rata Australija je bila uglavnom agrarna zemlja. Brzim razvojem industrije za vrijeme rata i u poslijeratnom periodu, uz znatne investicije britanskog i americkog kapitala ekonomska struktura je izmjenjena. Sada je to visoko razvijena industrijsko agrarna zemlja, medju deset najrazvijenijih u svijetu. Udio industrije i rudarstva u ukupnoj vrijednosti proizvodnje dostigao je pedeset posto, a poljoprivrede samo četiri posto. Dohodak po glavi stanovnika je 10.000  dolara.

The End