Chapter 26; Section 5 Notes Section 5; Revolution and Civil War in Russia began in 1917 with two revolutions The March Revolution Ends Tsarism as peasants endured poverty Unrest Deepens following the Revolution of 1905, but Nicholas failed to resolve Russia’s basic political, economic, and social problems; Duma had no real power Impact of World War I on Russia was brutal as some troops did not have guns, supplies were not reaching the front, in 1915 Russia had 2 million casualties

Nicholas II Nicholas II wanted to help so he went to the front to increase morale and help make military decisions (disastrous effects);

The character of Rasputin was featured in the Disney movie “Anastasia” Nicholas II’s wife Alexandra took his political role while he was at the front, and she relied on an illiterate peasant and self-proclaimed “holy man” Rasputin 1915 Russian cartoon depicting Nicholas and Alexandra as puppets of Rasputin The character of Rasputin was featured in the Disney movie “Anastasia”

The Tsar Steps Down due to food and fuel shortages on the home front, Duma set up a provisional government and continued to fight in WWI; Lenin, and the Bolsheviks: took the name Lenin when he became a revolutionary / when his brother was hanged for plotting to kill the tsar A Brilliant Revolutionary and Marxist, it was his goal to spread Marxism among factory workers and socialist; Lenin was arrested and sent to Siberia, exiled to Switzerland, and worked to spread revolutionary ideas Lenin’s View of Marx called for an elite group of socialists / Vanguards to lead the revolution and they came to be known as the Bolsheviks meaning “majority”

Bolsheviks = Communists The Bolsheviks displayed their strength through military demonstrations through the streets of Moscow, and other Russian cities…

With you partners: Identify a group of people that would benefit from a rebellion. Identify their cause:   A Slogan: A Name:

The November Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power as Lenin worked with Leon Trotsky; Bolsheviks promised “Peace, Land, and Bread” The Bolshevik Takeover in 1917 started with squads of Red Guards (armed factory workers) and attacked the provisional government (took it within days); Bolsheviks seized power in other major cities; Moscow became the Bolsheviks’ capital and the Kremlin their headquarters

The Kremlin

Russia Plunges Into Civil War Opposing Forces: Reds (Communists) v. Whites (tsarist imperial officers, Mensheviks, and democrats); Even the Allies intervened in the Civil War in hopes the Whites would overthrow the Communists; Brutality was common in the Civil War such as assassination attempts, slaughtering, killing of the former tsar, his wife, and their 5 children War Under Communism created the Cheka (secret police with a lot of power – execute ordinary citizens), set up forced labor camps (Gulag), took over banks, mines, factories, and railroads, peasants were forced to deliver half of their crops to feed the army, and peasants were drafted into military service

Building the Communist Soviet Union following the death of millions since WWI New Government, Same Problems occurred in 1922 as Lenin’s Communist government united much of the old Russian empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), or Soviet Union; Communists produced a constitution, set up a legislature, and gave all citizens over 18 the right to vote; Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) to allow some capitalist ventures, but the state controlled banks, foreign trade, and large industries; Government stopped taking peasants’ grain; Overall the NEP was positive Stalin Takes Over following the death of Lenin in 1924 after a struggle for power between Stalin (shred political operator, poor speaker, and uneducated) and Trotsky (architect of the Bolshevik Revolution, dynamic speaker, brilliant Marxist thinker) Trotsky – urged support for a worldwide revolution against capitalism Stalin – was more cautious, concentrated on building socialism at home

Russian Identification Activity… Who is pictured to the right? If he were an animal, what would he be? *Be able to defend your answer. Who is pictured to the right? If he were an animal, what would he be? *Be able to defend your answer. Who is pictured to the right? If he were an animal, what would he be? *Be able to defend your answer.

Chapter 26; Section 5 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: The March & February Revolutions begin the Russian Revolution and the Tsar steps down Main Idea #2: The November Revolution brings the Bolsheviks and Lenin to power Main Idea #3: Russia falls into Civil War (Whites/Tsarists v. Reds/Communists) Main Idea #4: Soviet Union (USSR) was created, NEP and increased rights, and Stalin would take over following Lenin’s death