Warm Up 2/10/16 What Domain is Protista in? What are the 3 types of nutrition fungi utilize? Give on example of mutualistic fungi.

Protista General Characteristics Protista: similar to animals, plants, and fungi BUT do not possess all the characteristics of those kingdoms Protista General Characteristics All are eukaryotic Usually found in damp environments

Classifying Protists Classified based on method of obtaining nutrition & movement 3 groups of protists Animal Like: Captures and ingests food (heterotroph). Plant Like: Photosynthetic (autotroph). Can be multicellular or unicellular. Fungus like: absorb nutrients (heterotroph).

Origin of Kingdom Protista Endosymbiotic Theory: eukaryotes formed when a large prokaryote engulfed a small prokaryote, which evolved into a more complex organism Scientists think that protists might have been the 1st eukaryotes to appear

II. Protozoans (Animal like protist) Ciliates: have short hair like projections for movement or used to move food particles into the oral groove - found in most aquatic environments Ex: Paramecium Contractile Vacuole Oral Groove Cilia Vacuole (food and waste storage)

b. Sarcodines Ex: Amoeba Use Pseudopods (“false foot” or extension of the cytoplasm) is used for locomotion and feeding. Feeds by surrounding and enveloping smaller organisms Ex: Amoeba Pseudopod

c. Sporozoans Sessile (no movement) and parasitic. Reproduce using spores Ex: Plasmodium  Causes Malaria

d. Zooflagellates use flagella for movement Some are free living, many are parasites Ex: Trypanysoma brucei  causes African Sleeping Sickness

III. Plant Like Protists a. General Characteristics All are photosynthetic. Not considered plants because they do not have roots or leaves Unicellular or multicellular Categorized on type of pigment, food storage method & cell wall composition

b. Dinoflagellates Unicellular. Autotrophs, but can be heterotrophs when there is no sunlight. Importance: cause algal blooms, which depletes nutrients killing marine life Ex: Red Tide

c. Euglenoids Unicellular. Autotrophs or heterotrophs if needed. No cell wall, but has a pellicle.

d. Algae largest protists Photosynthetic Uses: food source Ex: Brown Algae, Green Algae, Red Algae

Unicellular Green Algae Volvox: forms colonies Spirogyra

IV. Fungus Like Protists Different from fungi because have a different cell wall & contain centrioles (which fungi do not have) Examples: Slime Molds, Water Molds & Downey Mildew