English III – March 19, 2018 Do Now: Take out paper, prepare to take notes. On your paper, draw this table. Agenda: Notes on comma rules (for ACT review) Comma rule practice (answer key on my website) Best of luck tomorrow! Remember: Skip questions that take too long. Answer all questions – even if you guess! English III – March 19, 2018 Rule Example L I E S ;

How would you punctuate this? Woman without her man is nothing

Punctuation makes a difference! Woman, without her man, is nothing. Woman! Without her, man is nothing.

Where the comma l.i.e.s. makes a difference! Commas Where the comma l.i.e.s. makes a difference!

Where the comma LIES makes a difference “L” is for lists Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses in a series. Examples: Ellen bought new jeans, a plaid skirt, and a pair of gloves. They drove to the post office, parked the car, and unloaded the boxes.

Where the comma LIES makes a difference “L” is for lists Use commas to separate equal adjectives. Example: It was a bumpy, narrow, rough road that lead to the many new houses. It was a dark, stormy night. Alice looked graceful, eloquent, and fashionable in her new dress.

Where the comma LIES makes a difference “I” is for introduction Use a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or clause. It is “introductory” if it comes before the subject of the sentence

Where the comma LIES makes a difference “I” is for introduction Examples: No, you should not marry a Montague. Juliet, will you marry me? Of course, I will marry you. Obviously, we might get in trouble. At Friar Laurence’s cell, we will meet. Because he thought it might end the feud, Friar Lawrence agreed to marry Romeo and Juliet. Bold words = subject

“I” is for introduction Use a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or clause. You must use a comma if it is an introductory clause. As the man was walking into the store, he came face to face with his childhood sweetheart. Introductory clauses starting with a subordinating conjunction always need a comma. Because the rain was torrential, the day’s Little League games were postponed.

Where the comma LIES makes a difference “E” is for extras Extra words are words that are not needed to retain the meaning of the sentence. Surround these words with commas.

“E” is for extras Examples: Parenthetical (interrupters): I am talking to you, Juliet, about our plan. We decided, of course, to keep this a secret. Appositives (rename) Benvolio, Romeo’s friend, did not know of the plan. Non-essentials (information) It was in Verona, not Mantua, where the wedding takes place. Juliet, who was 13 years old, married Romeo.

Where the comma LIES makes a difference “S” is for side by side sentences Two sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) must have a comma before the conjunction. For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

“S” is for side by side sentences [Independent clause] , [coordinating conjunction] [independent clause]. [Sentence] , [FANBOYS] [sentence]. Examples: Romeo was a gentleman, and Juliet was a lady. He was impulsive, but she was level-headed. They were young, yet they married.

Two Uses of a Semicolon ; 1. Put a semi-colon between independent clauses to form a compound sentence It may be independent clauses joined by the semi-colon instead of a comma and coordinating conjunction (FAN BOYS). Example: Romeo reached the Friar’s cell first, and he went inside and anxiously waited for Juliet. OR Romeo reached the Friar’s cell first; he went inside and anxiously waited for Juliet. It may be independent clauses joined by a semi-colon followed by a transitional / connecting phrase and comma. Romeo was thrilled about his marriage; however, he is now exiled from Verona. Romeo killed Tybalt; as a result, he is banished from Verona.

Two Uses of a Semicolon ; 2. Use a semicolon between items in a list or series if any of the items already contain commas. Examples: Dinner at the party included rainbow, brook, and lake trout; large mouth, small mouth, and white bass; and a few northern pike. There are basically two ways to write: with a pen or pencil, which is inexpensive and easily accessible; or by computer and printer, which is more expensive but quick and neat.