Bacteria

What type of cell are bacteria? Prokaryotic No Nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Bacteria are the ONLY prokaryote!

What are the two groups of bacteria? Kingdom Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria) “Good” or “true” bacteria. Live Everywhere Cell wall with peptidoglycan Kingdom Archaebacteria (Domain Archae) “Old” bacteria Live in Extreme Environments (hot springs, high salt concentrations, etc) Cell wall without peptidoglycan

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria? Cocci – round shape Bacilli – rod shape Spirillum – spiral shaped

Arrangement - Chains Streptobacillus Streptococcus

Staphlococcus - Clusters Arrangement Staphlococcus - Clusters Dicoccus - Two

Arrangement

6 basic parts of a bacterial cell Nuclear Material (DNA) NO NUCLEUS!!!! Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cell Membrane Cell wall with and without peptidoglycan Gram positive and gram negative (only Eubacteria) Flagella

What is a flagellum? Use for locomotion

What ways do bacteria move? Flagella Long whip-like tail (shown) Slime Slime layer used to slide Spiral Movement Spiral twisting No Movement

What two way do bacteria reproduce? Asexual Binary Fission identical cells (clones) Sexual Conjugation then binary fission New genetically different cells

How do bacteria obtain food? Autotrophic Make it themselves with the help of light or inorganic matter and chemicals Heterotrophic Breakdown food, dead or decaying matter (organic matter). decomposer

Do bacteria need oxygen? Yes Some need oxygen to help break down food. No Some cannot use oxygen and it is like poison to them and kills the bacteria.

Can bacteria protect themselves? Yes! Endospore A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell. It contains the cell’s genetic material and some of its cytoplasm. It can resist freezing, heating, and drying. Can survive for many years !

What good do bacteria do for the planet? Fuel Some Archaebacteria produces methane Food Bacteria assist in making food such as yogurt, pickles, cheese, apple cider. Recycling Breaking down dead and decaying matter (decomposer). Some bacteria are used to clean up oil spills. Symbiotic Relationships Escherichia coli Vitamin K in Human Intestines Cow gut

Microbial Friends Escherichia coli Lactobacillus acidophilus Turns milk into yogurt Streptomyces Makes streptomycin, an antibiotic Escherichia coli Assists in food digestion

What are some bad things bacteria do on the planet? Spoil food Cause Disease Food Poisoning Tetanus Lyme Disease Strep Throat Tuberculosis (TB) Producing toxins that harm living things.

How can you treat and prevent bacterial diseases? Antibiotics A chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming the body cells of humans Vaccines A substance used in a vaccination that consists of pathogens that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system into action.