© Model Engineering College Mobile IP v6 “Stay connected.” Guide : Mr. Murali Mohan By : V.S.Shailesh (125/2002) 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Ahead…. Current Scenario Need for Mobile IP How it works What’s new in MIPv6 Conclusion 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

Trends in the wireless world Mobile subscribers exceeded 1.2 Billion in 2004 Crashing prices of laptops in 2005 The merger between the mobile world and the Internet Peer to peer applications on the rise Heterogeneous access technologies 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Communication with IP IP addresses enable routers to send packets to the correct network (not host) Each IP address has network part and host part By logically ANDing an IP address with a subnet mask, we get the network address This keeps host specific information out of routers DHCP is used to get packets to end hosts in networks This whole procedure assumes that the end host is “fixed” 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Need for Mobile IP IP assumes end hosts are in fixed physical locations What if a user wants to roam between networks? Mobile users want transparent roaming Why can’t mobile users change IP when running an application? Historical assumptions about “fixed” hosts has led to most protocols disallowing the changing of IP during a transaction 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Scenario 202.150.168.0 197.75.149.0 197.75.149.41 202.150.168.34 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College MOBILE IP Enables hosts to stay connected to the Internet regardless of their location No modification of applications Maintain connections while moving between subnets Requires no changes to software of “fixed” hosts/routers Requires no modifications to IP addresses or IP address format 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Where does it go ? Network Applications and Protocols Telnet, FTP, HTTP, etc. Mobility is seamless to these. TCP UDP TCP/IP Protocol STACK Mobile IP Ethernet Token Ring PPP WLAN 802.11b Bluetooth The link layer can be anything. 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Terminology Mobile Node (MN) Correspondent Node (CN) Home Agent (HA) Foreign Agent (FA) Home Address Care of Address (CoA) 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Mobile IP strategy Use two IP addresses per mobile host One permanent address (called Home Address ) used for identification Another IP address (called CoA) which changes constantly and is used for routing The binding (association) between these two IP addresses is kept at the home agent (HA) 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Example You are on a tour You are the Mobile Node (MN) Your mother is the Home Agent Your hotel manager is the Foreign Agent Your friend Jack who sends you letters is the Correspondent Node 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Step-1 When a MN moves to a new location, a foreign agent should be broadcasting advertisements on the subnet The MN will be able to receive this broadcast message and will learn the IP address of the foreign agent This will be the care-of-address(CoA) of the MN In IPv6, the FA is absent and so the MN gets its own IP via DHCP (called collocated CoA) 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Step-2 Registration Request Type Flags Lifetime Home address HA REQ Home agent FA Care-of-address REQ Identification M Extensions Registration Request Format 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Step-3 Registration Reply HA RPL FA Type Code Lifetime Home address RPL Home agent M Code: Indicates the result of registration Some code values: 0 registration accepted 70 poorly formed request 131 mobile node failed authentication Identification Extensions Registration Reply Format 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Binding Registration updates binding. A binding consists of mobile hosts address and the care-of address 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Binding Tables Mobility Binding Table Maintained on Home Agent of MN Maps MN’s home address with its current CoA 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Binding Tables Visitor List Maintained on FA serving an MN Maps MN’s home address to its MAC address and Home Agent address 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Working 2 3 Home Agent 4 Foreign Agent Mobile Node Internet 1 5 Correspondent Host 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College JACK : IP of Correspondent Host YOU: IP of Mobile Host (home address) MOM: IP Address of Home Agent HOTEL: IP Address of Foreign Agent. (CoA) YOU Dst Src Message YOU JACK …. Tunnel IP Header Dst Src MOM PACKET HOTEL MOM …. HOTEL Outer IP Header Dst INTERNET Src Message YOU JACK …. IP Header JACK 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

Dest Address = Addr of MN IP in IP encapsulation Ver HL TOS Total Length Outer Header Identification Flags Fragm. Offset TTL Protocol=4 Header Checksum Src Address = HA Addr Dest Address = CoA of MN Ver HL TOS Total Length Inner Header Identification Flags Fragm. Offset TTL Protocol Header Checksum Src Address = Addr of CN Dest Address = Addr of MN IP PAYLOAD 0 8 16 31 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

Minimal Encapsulation Tunneled to care-of-address Ver HL TOS Total Length Identification Flags Fragm. Offset Outer header TTL Proto=55 Header Checksum Ver HL TOS Total Length Src Address = Addr of home agent Identification Flags Fragm. Offset Dest Address = Care-of-addr of mobile TTL Protocol Header Checksum Protocol S Reserved Header Checksum Src Address = Addr of CN Minimal Inner header Src Address = Addr of CN Dest Address = Addr of MN Dest Address = Addr of MN IP PAYLOAD IP PAYLOAD Encapsulated using Minimal Encapsulation Method Packet comes from Correspondent host 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Internet Protocol v6 128 bit addresses as compared to 32 bits in v4. 1038 possible addresses : every electronic device can have an IP Static header with 40 bytes,optional extension header.In v4 it goes upto 60 bytes Routing extensions to provide for host mobility Autoconfiguration : Newly attached host can learn its new IP Better security (IP authentication Header) 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

Triangular Routing Problem 2 3 Home Agent Foreign Agent 4 Mobile Node Internet 1 5 All traffic to MN goes through Home agent Correspondent Host 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Solutions in MIP v6 Let the CN (JACK) know the current mobility binding (HOTEL) They will store this binding. They will use this binding to directly send the packets to the current location of the mobile node They will again use encapsulation since the care-of-address may not be always collocated at the mobile node (foreign agent should decapsulate). Correspondent nodes should support the binding protocol: Need for modification at correspondent nodes 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College How to know the binding Let the mobile node inform the correspondent host For example when it receives a packet from a correspondent host Let the home agent inform the correspondent host. This is the method chosen, since it is easier to establish security association between a home agent and a correspondent host Binding update should be secure so the malicious users can not send binding updates to the corresspondent hosts without authenticating themselves 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Binding Update YOU Dst Src IP Payload YOU JACK …. MOM First Packet INTERNET Foreign Agent F Other Fields Dst Src IP Payload YOU JACK …. Other Packets Dst Src IP Header Dst Src Binding Update (YOU,HOTEL ) IP Payload YOU JACK …. HOTEL JACK …. Inner IP Header Outer IP Header JACK YOUHOTEL ..... Binding Cache Packet Transport from a Correspondent Host to a Mobile 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

Other MIPv6 optimizations Localised mobility management: Uses Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) to allocate a local Home Agent (Mobility Anchor Point, MAP) in the visited network. MNs only need to update the local MAP whenever they move within the local domain Saves sending Binding Updates to all CNs every time the MN moves 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

Optimizations (contd..) The foreign Agent can be done away with if required The protocol enables the node itself to do encapsulation-decapsulation The node acquires its own local IP via Autoconfiguration and registers it with HA IPv6 provides security protocols hence simplifying the authentication process 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College Conclusion With the unavoidable advent of IPv6, Mobile IPv6 will become the prevalent technology for providing seamless connectivity as we roam With continuing research into areas like Hierarchical Mobile IP and the likes, the current protocol is only going to improve 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

Mobile IP – Stay connected THANK YOU Mobile IP – Stay connected 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College

© Model Engineering College QUESTIONS ? 19 September 2018 © Model Engineering College