What is Science & How does it work? Interactive Notes pgs. 2-14 in your Text. 1-1 & 1-2 Notes What is Science & How does it work?

What is Science? An organized way of using evidence Helps us Investigate the world Explain what we don’t understand Make useful predictions Different from other subjects Natural world Data is collected/organized to find patterns Evidence is examined to test explanations

Data based on observation Quantitative Data Measurement expressed by a # or Qty. Length, Width, Height, Mass, Volume Qualitative Descriptive Immeasurable Inference Logical Explanation Based on Data/Observation Hypothesis Explanation for Observations Must be testable w/ controlled experiment Background info. & research

Make 1 Quantitative & 1 Qualitative Observation Make 1 Inference How could you make it testable? (Make it a hypothesis)

Designing an Experiment Question Identify a problem Example: Where does life come from? Hypothesis An educated guess that answers the questions Must be testable (controlled experiment) Example: Life came from non-living things (this theory is called Spontaneous Generation: IT HAS BEEN PROVEN FALSE!!!)

Not all hypotheses are valid Not all hypotheses are valid. Von Helmont’s recipe for mice was definitely incorrect!

Setting up a Controlled Experiment Manipulated /Independent Variable Plotted on the x-axis The 1 and only variable you are changing Responding Variable/ Dependent Variable Plotted on the y-axis What you are testing for as a result of the experiment All other variables must be controlled Kept the same Ex: Temperature, Light, Material

List the independent or manipulated variable. List the dependent or responding variable. List 2 controls.

Redi’s Experiment Hypothesis: Flies Produce Maggots Manipulated/Independent Variable covering Responding/Dependent Variable If maggots appear Controls: Jars Meat Temp. Location Time

Needham’s Experiment Inspired by Leeuwenhoek’s microscope research on “tiny animals” Sealed and heated a bottle of “gravy” Let sit out (unsealed) Tiny organisms appeared Supported Spontaneous Generation….but his research was flawed. WHY???

Spallanzani’s Experiment Boiled 2 Containers of gravy Sealed 1/ Left 1 open What do you think happened? His results REFUTED spontaneous generation!

Pasteur’s Experiment Invented special curve neck bottle Air can get in Free of microorganisms for 1 year Broke neck= microorganisms appeared Spontaneous generation refuted or proven false once and for all!!!

How a Theory Develops Based on Data Record and analyze results Data can be visualized to detect patterns Conclusion Data supports or refutes hypothesis Repeat Check validity of Data Results consistent Theories only develop over time once the results have been tested and supported by numerous scientists!!! Ex.:Biogenesis (Life comes from living things)