The Columbian Exchange

Western Hemisphere (New World) Eastern Hemisphere (Old World)

Before 1492 Two very different ecosystems Two sets of culturally diverse peoples Before Columbus crossed the Atlantic, the Eastern Hemisphere (that is Europe, Africa and Asia) and the Western Hemisphere (that is the Americas) were two very different ecosystems. These ecosystems had been developing in biological isolation for thousand and thousand of years. This meant that there were two different disease pools and two sets of flora and fauna, as well as two sets of culturally diverse peoples. Two sets of flora and fauna Two different disease pools

What is the Columbian Exchange? Columbus’ voyages May have had greater consequences biologically than culturally The Columbian Exchange was coined to describe the worldwide redistribution of plants, animals, and diseases that resulted from the initial contacts between Europeans and Natives. Define this in your own terms… Now and at the End of the Class

The Effects of the Columbian Exchange Different Foods Exchange of foods, animals had dramatic impact on later societies Over time crops native to Americas became staples in diets of Europeans Foods provided substantial nutrition, helped people live longer Economics and Gastronomics Activities like Texas cattle ranching, Brazilian coffee growing not possible without Columbian Exchange; cows, coffee native to Old World Traditional cuisines changed because of Columbian Exchange Italian Food Without Tomatoes? Until contact with Americas, Europeans had never tried tomatoes Most Europeans thought tomatoes poisonous By late 1600s, tomatoes had begun to be included in Italian cookbooks

Old World (Europe) to New World (Americas) Columbian Exchange Old World (Europe) to New World (Americas) Plants: rice melons wheat olives barley dandelions oats daisies coffee ragweed sugarcane Kentucky bluegrass bananas

New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe) Columbian Exchange New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe) Plants: avocados pumpkins guavas peanuts pineapple squash corn (maize) tobacco potatoes (white / sweet) beans (snap / kidney, lima) cacao (source of chocolate) chicle (source of gum)

Columbian Exchange Old World (Europe) to New World (Americas) Animals: horses cattle pigs sheep goats chickens

New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe) Columbian Exchange New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe) Animals: llamas alpacas guinea pigs

Columbian Exchange Disease: measles chicken pox smallpox yellow fever New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe) Disease: measles chicken pox smallpox yellow fever Malaria influenza (flu) common cold

New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe) Columbian Exchange New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe) Disease Syphilis Hepatitis Polio Tuberculosis

Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa * Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes * Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO * Peanut * Tomato ` * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphillis * Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice * Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley * Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats * Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE * Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox * Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria * Diptheria * Whooping Cough

Sugar, Tobacco and Slavery

Africans lament the loss of their fellow countrymen.

MAP 26.2 The Atlantic slave trade, 1500-1800.

The Columbian Exchange Voyages launched large-scale contact between Europe and Americas. Interaction with Native Americans led to sweeping cultural changes. Contact between the two groups led to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, and disease—the Columbian Exchange. Plants, animals developed in very different ways in hemispheres Europeans—no potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, turkeys People in Americas—no coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle The Exchange of Goods Arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this Previously unknown foods taken back to Europe Familiar foods brought to Americas by colonists Sharing Discoveries The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.

What was the Effect of the Columbian Exchange? Rewrite your OWN definition now… based on your notes. We will then create a list of the 5 most important elements of the Columbian Exchange.

What was the Effect of the Columbian Exchange? 1. Both hemispheres were introduced to new foods and animals that changed entire societies. 2. Potatoes and corn became major food sources for Europeans allowing populations to increase greatly. 3. The introduction of pigs, cows, and horses gave new food sources and new animals for the Native Americans to use.

What was the Effect of the Columbian Exchange? 4. The diseases the Europeans brought with them killed up to 90% of the Native Americans in the New World. European conquest of the Native Americans was made easy by the effect disease had on the Natives. 5. The Native Americans had never been exposed to these diseases so their bodies could not fight them. Europeans had lived with these diseases for thousands of year and were not as likely to die from them.