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Mexico 1 Point 1 Point 1 Point 1 Point 1 Point 1 Point 2 Points Challenges Mexico Central America More Central America Cuba Wild Card 1 Point 1 Point 1 Point 1 Point 1 Point 1 Point 2 Points 2 Points 2 Points 2 Points 2 Points 2 Points 3 Points 3 Points 3 Points 3 Points 3 Points 3 Points 4 Points 4 Points 4 Points 4 Points 4 Points 4 Points 5 Points 5 Points 5 Points 5 Points 5 Points 5 Points

Relying too much on a single crop or mineral for export

Monoculture

Taxing imports to favor the purchase of locally made goods

Import Substitution

Promotes economic, political, cultural, and military cooperation in the western hemisphere

Organization of American States

Biggest problem with multinational corporations

They take all the profit out of the Latin American country back to where they are based.

Birthrates remained high while death rates fell because of health care, nutrition, and sanitation improvements

Why population grew quickly in Latin America?

Political party that dominated Mexico’s government for 70 years

PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)

First non-PRI president of 20th century; 2000-2008; made many reforms

Vicente Fox

Causes of Mexican economic problems

DEBT; oil prices low in 1950s, 1960s, 1980s; earthquakes; low peso value

Controversial US, Mexico, Canada free trade zone

NAFTA

Cause of Mexico city’s environmental problems

Too many people with too many cars and too few sewers living in the top of an extinct volcano

Anti-Communist rebels in Nicaragua and El Salvador

Contras

Marxist, anti-Somoza rebels in Nicaragua

Sandinistas

1979-1990 Communist leader of Nicaragua; currently their socialist president

Daniel Ortega

Her 1990 election ended Communist rule in Nicaragua; she served as a symbol of democracy

Violeta Barrios de Chamorro

1987 Nobel Peace prize winner for trying to settle regional conflicts; president of Costa Rica until last year

Oscar Arias

Panamanian dictator and convicted drug lord

Manuel Noriega

1992 Nobel Peace prize winner; Guatemalan social reform activist

Rigoberta Menchú

2005 signed to increase trade between US and Central America

CAFTA

US supported president of El Salvador 1980-82, 1984-89

Jose Napoleon Duarte

Combatants in Guatemala’s civil war

URNG Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (Mayan rebel group) vs URNG Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (Mayan rebel group) vs. anti-Mayan government forces

He overthrew the pro-US Cuban dictator Batista in 1959 and established a Communist dictatorship.

Fidel Castro

US tried to invade Cuba with CIA trained exiles.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Argentine revolutionary who assisted in overthrow of Batista in 1959

Ernesto Ché Guevara

US spy planes discovered Soviets building threats in Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Since 1960 US has had this on all Cuban goods (although we recently lifted it on agricultural products).

Embargo or boycott

Cause of Venezuela’s massive economic downturn since 2014

Low price of oil and monoculture

Current major issues between US and Latin America

Drugs; illegal immigration

Foreign investment in Latin America led to this problem.

Debt

Latin American countries that experienced civil war.

El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Colombia

Former US policy on Cuban Communist exiles

Once they touch US soil, they are automatically given asylum.

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