Waves.

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Presentation transcript:

Waves

A wave is a disturbance (or vibration) that carries energy from one point to another, but does not carry matter.

Types of waves http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/demos/waves/wavemotion.html

There are 3 types of mechanical waves: 1 There are 3 types of mechanical waves: 1. Transverse: particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave (ex. light, guitar strings) http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/demos/waves/wavemotion.html

2. Longitudinal: particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave (ex. sound) http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/demos/waves/wavemotion.html

3. Surface: A mixture of transverse and longitudinal (ex. ocean waves) http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/demos/waves/wavemotion.html Surface waves are much more complicated and are not covered in this course!!!

Medium: What the wave travels through Crest: High point on a wave Trough: Low point on a wave Amplitude (A): Max displacement from rest Wavelength (λ = lambda): distance between two crests (or troughs)

Period and Frequency Period (T): Time it takes for one complete cycle, measured in seconds Frequency (f): Number of complete cycles per second, measured in Hertz (Hz) Frequency and Period are reciprocal f = 1 T

Remember that speed is: If we look a single wave then: the distance (d) is one wavelength (λ) the time (t) is the period ( )

This gives us the Universal Wave Equation: Where: v = wave speed (m/s) λ = wavelength (m) f = frequency (Hz)

Ex: Playing middle C on a piano produces a sound with a frequency of 256 Hz. What is the period of the sound wave?

Example: An air horn sounds at a frequency of 220 Hz Example: An air horn sounds at a frequency of 220 Hz. If the speed of sound in air is 330 m/s what is the wavelength of the sound wave?

Example: The distance between successive crests in a series of water waves is 4.0 m, and the crests travel 8.6 m in 5.0 s. Calculate the frequency of a block of wood bobbing up and down on these water waves.

Example: Sound travels at approximately 340 m/s, and light travels at 3.0 x 108 m/s. How far away is a lightning strike if the sound of the thunder arrives at a location 2.0 seconds after the lightning is seen?

http://dev. physicslab. org/Document. aspx http://dev.physicslab.org/Document.aspx?doctype=5&filename=WavesSound_WaveformVibrationGraphs1.xml