Introduction to Spatial Computing Dr. Doug Oetter, Associate Professor Dept. of History, Geography, and Philosophy Friday, November 12, :30-3:30 A&S 2-54

Geospatial Science Study of the spatial aspects of terrestrial and geographic datasets through scientific methods involving software and analysis

Why Make Maps on a Computer? Digital storage Easy to update Easy to add information Accurate Simple to adapt for multiple users and multiple media

Map Making Methods Draw by hand Adapt from another source Pre-made, editable map software – Cartesia & Adobe Illustrator Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – Complete spatial database for mapping and geographic inquiry

Geographic Information Systems Hardware – Digitizer, computer, plotter – Global Positioning Satellite Software – Grass, MapInfo, ArcView, ArcGIS Data – Analog data (maps, tables, images) – Digitial data (shapefiles, coverages, grids, raster images) Users – Training is available! Methods

Applications

Geospatial Project Problem Definition Outline study area Data Acquisition Generating data from your field work Capture data online Pre-processing Spatial Analysis and Modeling Geoprocessing Data analysis Complex geographic solutions Presentation Maps, graphics, tables

1. Problem Statement Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a guided-design pedogogical style based on the assumption that students are motivated to solve real-world problems and will actively work to acquire the knowledge needed to solve them. – Present the problem statement. Introduce an "ill-structured" problem or scenario to students. They should not have enough prior knowledge to solve the problem. This simply means they will have to gather necessary information or learn new concepts, principles, or skills as they engage in the problem- solving process.

2. Data Acquisition Resource List – List what is needed. Presented with a problem, students will need to find information to fill in missing gaps. A second list is prepared under the heading: "What do we need to know?" These questions will guide searches that may take place on-line, in the library, and in other out-of-class searches.

Maps Use maps as source information Paper maps can be converted to digital

U. S. Government Public Clearinghouses Private Sources Online Geographic Data Sources

Data Sources- U. S. Government Bureau of Land Management Dept. of Commerce Census Bureau – Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing system (TIGER) Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing system (TIGER) Federal Emergency Management Agency National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (formerly NIMA) National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service – National Wetlands Inventory National Wetlands Inventory U. S. Forest Service U. S. Geological Survey – Water Resources Water Resources – National Land Cover Data National Land Cover Data – The National Map The National Map

Government Imagery Sources AVIRIS Eurimage GLCF NASA MODIS Radarsat USGS – Earth Explorer Earth Explorer – EROS Data Center EROS Data Center – GLOVIS GLOVIS

Public Clearinghouses National Atlas State Depositories – Georgia Georgia International Data – Center for International Earth Science Information (CIESIN) Center for International Earth Science Information (CIESIN) – Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE)

Private Data Sources EarthSat Geography Network GIS Data Depot Ikonos Quickbird SPOT Terraserver

Global Positioning Satellites GPS Satellite devices

Location on Globe -Parallels of latitude -Meridians of longitude

Geographic Coordinate System

Grid Coordinate System -Points are defined with X,Y coordinates -UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) -UTM Zone 17 N, E, N

Collecting Geographic Data Collect any type of data required – Be sure to capture location using a coordinate system – Think points, lines, and polygons – Think surface of the Earth Coordinated capture system – Linking camera to GPS unit using time stamps –

Excel Spreadsheets allow data organization – Columns for field (thematic) data – Rows for records (events)

Questions?

3. Spatial Analysis

GIS Software Providers ESRI – ArcView – Arc/INFO – ArcGIS GeoMedia MapInfo GRASS

Google Earth

ArcGIS ArcGIS Desktop Software – ArcViewdata visualization, query, and analysis capabilities – ArcEditora powerful data creation and editing environment – ArcInfothe professional GIS of choice for data automation, geoprocessing, and analysis Server Software – ArcSDEthe gateway for managing spatial data in a commercial database management system (DBMS)

Getting Started with ArcMap Toolbars Table of Contents Data View Layout View

Exploring Data Load in Georgia map document – ga_data.mxd Pan Zoom Legend Attribute tables Attribute query

Using Digital Imagery Digital Raster Graphs – Scanned and geo- registered USGS topographic maps Digital Orthophotographs – Geo-registered aerial photographs

Loading GPS Data Input each location to a new shapefile OR Make X, Y, ID table in Excel Export to.dbf format Add file to ArcView as a table In View, Add Event Theme Convert event theme to Shapefile and save OR Have your GPS unit do it automatically!!

Geoprocessing Reprojection Measurement Clip Buffer Union Intersect Attribute Query Location Query

Questions?

4. Presentation Present and support the solution. As part of closure, teachers may require students to communicate, orally and/or in writing, their findings and recommendations. The product should include the problem statement, questions, data gathered, analysis of data, and support for solutions or recommendations based on the data analysis.

Map Production Basic map elements – Title – Scale – Legend – Orientation – Metadata

Geographic Visualization

ESRI ArcScene

Google Earth

Questions?