14-мавзу. Cookie, сеанс, FTP и технологиялари

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Presentation transcript:

14-мавзу. Cookie, сеанс, FTP и e-mail технологиялари

Cookie ни ўрнатиш Cookie — клиент компьютерида сақланувчи ва у ҳар сафар серверга мурожаат қилаётганда web-серверга юбориладиган матн сатридир. Шу тариқа маълумотлар турли скриптлар аро формалар ёки URL адресларсиз узатилиши мумкин. Cookie қийматини ўрнатиш учун қуйидаги синтаксисдан иборат бўлган setcookie функциясидан фойдаланилади:

bool setcookie (string name [, string value [, int expire [, string path [, string domain [, bool securej ]]]]) Функция клиент компьютерида сақланувчи cookie ларни тасниф этади. Қуйида ушбу функция параметрларининг таснифи кетирилган: name - Cookie нинг номи. value - Cookie нинг қиймати. expire - Cookie нинг амал қилиш муддати. Агар у берилса, у тугагач cookie ўчириб ташланади. Агар кўрсатилмаса, cookie браузер ойнаси ёпилгандан сўнг ўчириб ташланади path - Сервердаги cookie га рухсат этилган адрес. domain - cookie га рухсат этилган домен. secure - HTTPS протокол орқали боғланишда cookie нинг ҳавфсизлик белгиси.

Cookie ни ўқиш cookie га рухсатни олиш учун махсус $_COOKIE суперглобал массивидан фойдаланилади. Массивнинг қиймати сифатида олдин ишлатилган cookie номи олинади. Массив одатда скрипт юклана-ётган вақтда $_GET, $_POST ва $_REQUEST массивлари билан автоматик тарзда тўлдирилади

Мисол: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Cookie нинг қийматини ўқиш</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY> <CENTER> <Н1> Cookie нинг қийматини ўқиш </Hl> Cookie нинг қиймати: <?php if (isset ($_COOKIE ['message'])) { echo ‘Cookie нинг қиймати:’ . $_COOKIE ['message' ] ; } else { echo 'Cookie ўрнатилмаган' ; } ?> </CENTER;. <BODY> </HTML>

FTP 1. FTP - File Transfer Protocol (файлларни алмашиш протоколи); тармоқ орқали (хусусан Интернет) файлларни узатиш протоколи. Буни бир компьютердан бошкасига файл нусхасини кўчириш каби тушуниш мумкин. 2. FTP Server - бу файлни жунатилиши сўровини кутувчи компьютер ёки сервер. 3. FTP Client - бу FTP серверга сўров жўнатувчи компьютер. Сўров текшируви ёки тасдиқланишидан сўнг FTP клиент компьютери маълумотларни серверга юклаши ёки сервердан юклаб олиши мумкин.

4. Аноним FTP - ушбу серверга FTP клиент компьютери орқали авторизациядан ўтмасдан боғланиши мумкин. Бундай имкониятни бир нечта веб сайтларда кўришимиз мумкин, қайсики рўйхатдан ўтмасдан маълум файлларни юклаб олиш имкониятини беради. 5. FTP Host - ушбу хизмат FTP сайт сифатида, яъни сайтда рўйхатдан ўтиб, сайтда келтирилган маълумотлар файлларини юклаб олиш имкониятига эга бўлиш имкониятини берувчи компьютер. Бу фойдаланувчилар сони чекланган пуллик хизмат. 6. FTP сайт - FTP хост компьютери тасарруфидаги фойдаланувчи логин пароли талаб қилинувчи веб саҳифа. Хост серверда бир нечта веб-саҳифа жойланиши мумкин, бунда ҳар бир сайт учун алоҳида фойдаланувчи авторизацияси мавжуд. 7. FTP Proxy - FTP Proxy бу шунақа сервер компьютерки, бунда сўров FTP серверга жўнатилади, ушбу сўров прокси орқали ўтиб, кейин зарур манзилга йўналтирилади.

E-mail Бу хизмат интернет тизими орқали ўзаро почта хабарлари алмашинуви усулидир. Бундай тизим оралиқ сақланиш методи асосида йўлга қўйилган. Замонавий интернет протоколлар хабарлар жўнатиш иконияти бўйича юқори даражага кўтарилди. Почта жўнатишнинг энг кенг тарқалган протоколи SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) ҳисобланади. Почтани қабул қилиш почта протоколи POP (Post Office Protocol), ёки Интернет хабарларини қабул қилувчи протокол IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) дан фойдаланилади.