Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5. 1.__________A bitterly disputed presidential election is resolved by a complex political deal that ends Reconstruction in the South. 2.__________Two unscrupulous financiers use corrupt means to manipulate New York gold markets and the U.S. Treasury. 3.__________A major economic depression causes widespread social unrest and the rise of the Populist party as a vehicle of protest. 4.__________Grant administration scandals split the Republican party, but Grant overcomes the inept opposition to win reelection. 5.__________Monetary deflation and the high McKinley Tariff lead to growing agitation for free silver by Congressman William Jennings Bryan and others.

1.__________The symbol of the Republican political tactic of attacking Democrats with reminders of the Civil War 2.__________Corrupt construction company whose bribes and payoffs to congressmen and others created a major Grant administration scandal 3.__________Short-lived third party of 1872 that attempted to curb Grant administration corruption 4.__________Precious metal that soft-money advocates demanded be coined again to compensate for the Crime of ’73 5.__________Soft-money third party that polled over a million votes and elected fourteen congressmen in 1878 by advocating inflation

6.__________Mark Twain’s sarcastic name for the post–Civil War era, which emphasized its atmosphere of greed and corruption 7.__________Civil War Union veterans’ organization that became a potent political bulwark of the Republican party in the late nineteenth century 8.__________Republican party faction led by Senator Roscoe Conkling that opposed all attempts at civil-service reform 9.__________Republican party faction led by Senator James G. Blaine that paid lip service to government reform while still battling for patronage and spoils 10.__________The complex political agreement between Republicans and Democrats that resolved the bitterly disputed election of 1876

Reading Maps Chapter 23

Hayes-Tilden Disputed Election of 1876 Page 545 1. In the controversial Hayes-Tilden election of 1876, how many undisputed electoral votes did Republican Hayes win in the former Confederate states?

Map 23.1 Hayes-Tilden Disputed Election of 1876 (with electoral vote by state) Nineteen of the twenty disputed votes composed the total electoral count of Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida. T he twentieth was one of Oregon’s three votes, cast by an elector who turned out to be ineligible because he was a federal officeholder (a postmaster), contrary to the Constitution (see Art. II, Sec. I, para. 2). Map 23-1 p545

Hayes-Tilden Disputed Election of 1876 page 545 2. Democrat Tilden carried four states in the North—states that did not have slavery before 1865. Which were they?

Growth of Classified Civil Service page 553 3. The percentage of offices classified under civil service was approximately how many times greater under President McKinley than under President Arthur: two, three, four, five, or ten?

Figure 23.1 Civil-Service Employment The proportion of federal jobs that are classified, or subject to rigid civil-service laws and competitive requirements, has greatly increased since Arthur’s presidency. The total number of civil service jobs has remained relatively stable since the 1950s, even as the government has expanded in size and budget. The decline in classified civil-service jobs in recent decades reflects the changes mandated by the Postal Reorganization Act of 1971, which moved U.S. Postal Service employees from competitive to excepted service. Excepted jobs are not subject to rigid civil-service laws passed by Congress. (Sources: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Federal Civilian Workforce Statistics—Employment and Trends, http://www.opm.gov/feddata; and unpublished data.) Figure 23-1 p502

Presidential Election of 1884 pages 545 & 559 4. Which of the following states gained the most electoral votes between 1876 and 1884: New York, Indiana, Missouri, or Texas?

Map 23.1 Hayes-Tilden Disputed Election of 1876 (with electoral vote by state) Nineteen of the twenty disputed votes composed the total electoral count of Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida. T he twentieth was one of Oregon’s three votes, cast by an elector who turned out to be ineligible because he was a federal officeholder (a postmaster), contrary to the Constitution (see Art. II, Sec. I, para. 2). Map 23-1 p545

Map 23.3 Presidential Election of 1892 (showing vote by county) Note the concentration of Populist strength in the semiarid farming regions of the western half of the country. (Compare this with Map 26.4, showing average annual precipitation with major agricultural products as of 1900, on p. 589.) Map 23-3 p559

Presidential Election of 1884 pages 545 & 559 5. How many states that were carried by Republican Hayes in 1876 were carried by Democrat Cleveland in 1884?

Continue from yesterday then turn into the rack Map Challenge Using the election map on p. 545 and the account of the Compromise of 1877 in the text (pp. 545–546), discuss the election of 1876 in relation to both Reconstruction and the political balance of the Gilded Age. Include some analysis of the reasons why this was the last time for nearly a century that the states in the Deep South voted Republican.

The End of Reconstruction, 1877 President Hayes’s “Let ‘em Alone” policy replaces the carpetbags and bayonets of the Grant administration, signifying the end of federal efforts to promote racial equality in the South—until the “second Reconstruction” of the civil rights era nearly a century later. p495