Movement Across a Membrane A Review

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Presentation transcript:

Movement Across a Membrane A Review Grade 12 Biology

Definitions you need to know... Diffusion Concentration gradient Passive transport Equilibrium Permeable Impermeable Selectively permeable Channel protein Carrier protein Active transport Sodium/Potassium pump

Questions you must be able to answer... Why do molecules cross membranes? What are cell membranes made of? What molecules can get across a membrane by diffusion? Why? What molecules can NOT cross a membrane without help? Why? How do cells help molecules cross membranes? Which processes require energy (ATP) and which will happen on their own? What is the sodium / potassium pump and how does it work?

Diffusion is... The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration It is passive (requires no extra energy) See diffusion happening

A concentration gradient is... A difference in concentration across a membrane (high on one side, low on the other) Passive transport is... Movement of molecules that requires no energy Equilibrium! What will happen? Equal concentrations on both sides

Now try the first question... Why do molecules cross membranes? HINT!

Selectively permeable means... The membrane lets something cross it Impermeable means... The membrane does not let something cross it Selectively permeable means... The membrane lets some things through but not others

Next question... What are cell membranes made of? Phospholipids Polar Polar Non-Polar Proteins

What molecules can get across a cell membrane by diffusion? Why? Watch it happen! What molecules can NOT cross a membrane without help? Why? Polar Non-Polar Polar

A channel protein... A carrier protein... Forms a tube through the non-polar part of the membrane Helps large or polar molecules get through the cell membrane A carrier protein... Changes shape to let a molecule cross the membrane May require energy (ATP) to change shape

How do cells help molecules cross membranes?

Active transport... - is when ATP is needed to help molecules move across a membrane - moves molecules against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) Which one shows active transport? Which one shows passive transport? What is the difference between A and B?

Which processes require energy (ATP) and which will happen on their own?

The Sodium/Potassium pump... Is a carrier protein Puts sodium ions (Na+) out of cells against the concentration gradient Puts potassium ions (K+) into cells against the concentration gradient Needs ATP to work See the pump work!

What is the sodium / potassium pump and how does it work? Last review question... What is the sodium / potassium pump and how does it work? See the pump work!

Why is this important? Example: your nervous system uses changes in concentrations across membranes to send messages